genome search | EU-SAGE

Genome-editing techniques are promising tools in plant breeding. To facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the use of genome editing, EU-SAGE developed an interactive, publicly accessible online database of genome-edited crop plants as described in peer-reviewed scientific publications.
The aim of the database is to inform interested stakeholder communities in a transparent manner about the latest evidence about the use of genome editing in crop plants. Different elements including the plant species, traits, techniques, and applications can be filtered in this database.
Regarding the methodology, a literature search in the bibliographic databases and web pages of governmental agencies was conducted using predefined queries in English. Identifying research articles in other languages was not possible due to language barriers. Patents were not screened.
Peer-reviewed articles were screened for relevance and were included in the database based on pre-defined criteria. The main criterium is that the research article should describe a research study of any crop plant in which a trait has been introduced that is relevant from an agricultural and/or food/feed perspective. The database does neither give information on the stage of development of the crop plant, nor on the existence of the intention to develop the described crop plants to be marketed.
This database will be regularly updated. Please contact us via the following webpage in case you would like to inform us about a new scientific study of crops developed for market-oriented agricultural production as a result of genome editing

Displaying 695 results

Traits related to biotic stress tolerance

Bacterial resistance: improved resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, which causes bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Oliva et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Rice Research Institute, Philippines
University of Missouri
University of Florida
Iowa State University
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
Université Montpellier, France
Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Nagoya University, Japan

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Phytophthora infestans causes late blight disease, which is severely damaging to the global tomato industry
(Hong et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Dalian University of Technology
Beijing Academy of Agriculture &
Forestry Sciences
Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, China

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum, which causes powdery mildew.
(Wang et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Linyi Tobacco Company
Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province
China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease.
(Li et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

College of Life Science and Technology &
College of Horticulture &
Forestry Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Fast and accurate field screening and differentiation of four major Tobamoviruses infecting tomato and pepper. Tomatoviruses are the most important viruses infecting plants and cause huge economic losses to tomato and pepper crops globally.
( Zhao et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine
China Agricultural University, China

Nematode resistance: resistance against soybean cyst nematode. Plant-parasitic nematode pests result in billions of dollars in realized annual losses worldwide.
(Usovsky et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Missouri
University of Georgia
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USA

Fungal resistance: improved sheath blight resistance. Sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AGI-1A and is one of the three major rice diseases. Sheath blight disease can cause severe yield losses.
(Feng et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Bacterial resistance: Xanthomonas citri, causing citrus canker, one of the most serious diseases affecting the global citrus industry. Citrus is the most produced fruit in the world.
(Peng et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement
Southwest University, China

Broad-spectrum disease resistance without yield loss.
( Sha et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Chengdu Normal University
Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Anhui Agricultural University
BGI-Shenzhen
Northwest A&
F University
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université de Bordeaux, France
University of California
The Joint BioEnergy Institute, USA
University of Adelaide, Australia

Pospiviroids detection method. Pospiviroids are a major production constraint.
( Zhai et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Washington State University
USDA-ARS, USA

Fungal resistance: Increased resistance to Phytophthora sojae, a pathogen severely impairing soybean production.
(Yu et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science
Jiamusi Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Viral resistance: increased control on viral pathogen Banana streak virus (BSV). The BSV integrates in the banana host genome as endogenous BSV (eBSV). When banana plants are stressed, the eBSV produces infectious viral particles and thus the plant develops disease symptoms.
(Tripathi et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya
University of California, USA

Nematode resistance: Enhanced resistance to more virulent soybean cyst nematode (SCN). SCN is the most devastating post to soybean crop yields in the US.
(Wang et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University
University of South Carolina, China

Viral resistance: Attenuated infection symptoms and reduced viral RNA accumulation, specific for the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
(Zhang et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China
University of Missouri, USA

Viral resistance: resistance against Soybean mosaic virus, which is a very common and destructive pathogenic virus.
(Gao et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture
China Agricultural University
Shenyang Agricultural University, China

High level of powdery mildew resistance while maintaining normal crop
growth and yields.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Viral resistance: Resistance against Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), which is one of the causal agents of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD). GLD severely impacts grapevine production.
(Jiao et al., 2022)

CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Li et al., 2013)

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA
Guangxi University, China

Viral resistance: enhanced resistance against wheat dwarf virus, which is a causal agent of wheat viral disease and can significantly impact wheat production worldwide.
(Yuan et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northwest A&
F University, China

Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway

Fungal resistance: Decreased susceptibility against sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AGI-1A and is one of the three major rice diseases. Sheath blight disease can cause severe yield losses.
(Gao et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Fuzhou University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wenzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute, China

Fungal resistance: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON), one of the most devastaging diseases affecting watermelons. FON progresses along xylem vessels, causing the hollow and dried-out stems.
(Zhang et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, China

Detection of Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a common mycotoxin found in agricultural products. FB1 is highly toxic, which can cause oxidative stress response and has been listed as a class 2B carcinogen. The method wx is highly specific and sensitive for FB1, has a rather simple, convenient and fast workflow.
( Qiao et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kunming University of Science and Technology, China

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to both blast and bacterial blight diseases, two major diseases having devastating impact on the yield of rice in most rice-growing countries.
(Zhou et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Huazhong Agricultural University
Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd
Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center
Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd, China

Bacterial and fungal resistance: increased resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae causing bacterial blight and rice blast, respectively.
(Liu et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, China

Bacterial resistance: resistance to different pathogens including Xanthomonas spp., P. syringae and P. capsici.
(de Toledo Thomazella et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California, USA

Bacterial resistance: Resistance against African Xanthomonas oryzae isolates, causing agents of bacterial blight. Bacterial blight threatens rice populations in Asia and West Africa.
(Li et al., 2024)

University of Missouri
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
Department of Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, causing rice blast, one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice worldwide.
(Wang et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agriculture, China

Fungal resistance: broad-spectrum resistance to rice pathogens without adverse effects in terms of growth and yield.
(Chen et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: increased resistance to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV).
(Lee et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rural Development Administration
Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, South Korea
North Carolina State University, USA

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens M. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (but increased susceptibility to Cochliobolus miyabeanus)
(Kim et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Seoul National University
Kyung Hee University, South Korea
Pennsylvania State University, USA

Effective detection of a resistance-breaking strain of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). TSWV causes a great threat to various food crops globally and can cause devastating epidemics.
( Shymanovich et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University, USA

Fungal resistance: higher resistance to Verticillium dahliae infestation. Cotton verticillium wilt/cotton cancer, is a destructive disease, leading to 250-310 million USD economic losses each year in China.
(Zhang et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Disease-resistant and fertile varieties.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University

Hubei Hongshan Laborator, China

Viral resistance: increased resistance against wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) without yield penalty. WYMV results in severe yield losses in hexaploid wheat.
(Kan et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Agricultural Sciences Institute in Jiangsu Lixiahe Area, China

Viral resistance: Enhanced resistance to sweet potato virus disease (SPVD). SPVD is caused by the co-infection of sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato feathery mottle virus.
(Yu et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Normal University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa.
(Wei et al., 2021)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance to powdery mildew, a fungal disease causing great losses in soybean yield and seed quality.
(Bui et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Biotechnology
University of Science and Technology of Hanoi
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Science, Vietnam
Washington University in St. Louis
University of Missouri, USA

Viral resistance: improved resistance against the Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus, which can cause significant crop losses.
(Zhang et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Ningbo University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Bacterial resistance: enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas citri, causing citrus canker, one of the most serious diseases affecting the global citrus industry.
(Long et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance against powdery mildew disease.
(Xu et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kyungpook National University
Rural Development Administration
Sunchon National University, South Korea
Lingnan Normal University, China

Bacterial resistance: bacterial leaf-blight resistance, which is a destructive disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. and threatens rice production in tropical and temperate regions.
(Kim et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chungbuk National University
Hankyong National University, Korea

Viral resistance: Partial resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). RBSDV is a serious threat in Chinese rice production.
(Wang et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea.
( Huang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing University of Agriculture
Capital Normal University, China

Viral resistance: highly resistant to viral infection with beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV), a geminivirus that can cause serious damage to many crop plants.
(Ji et al., 2015)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Mutants were compromised in infectivity of Phytophthora palmivora, a destructive oomycete plant pathogen with a wide host range
( Pettongkhao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
University of Hawaii at Manoa
East-West Center, USA
Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), UK

Confered resistance to ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, China

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance against Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which causes significant economic losses globally.
(Ramasamy et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M AgriLife Research and Extension Center
Texas A&
M University
Texas A&
M AgriLife, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zhou et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Center for Plant Gene Research
Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Sensitive detection of two fungal pathogens (Diaporthe aspalathi and Diaporthe caulivora) that cause soybean stem canker. The method requires minimal equipment as well as training and shows potential for on-site screening.
( Sun et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine
Shenyang Agricultural University
Huangpu Customs Technology Center
Technical Center of Hangzhou Customs
Dalian University, China

Bacterial resistance: broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight. Rice bacterial blight is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and forms a threat to rice populations in Southeast Asia and West Africa.
(Li et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A &
F University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively.
(Peng et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Shandong Agricultural University
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China

Detection assay for brassica yellows virus (BrYV) detection. BrYV is an economically important virus threatening cruciferous species.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University
Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences
Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Disease resistant thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) with enhanced resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.
( Li et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Viral resistance: resistance to potato virus Y (PVY), one of the most economically and scientifically important plant viruses, causing damaging diseases of cultivated tobacco around the world.
(Ruyi et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Mudanjiang Teachers College
Jilin Normal University
Mudanjiang Tobacco Research Institute, China

Rapid and on-site detection of the mycotoxin zearalenone.
( Pei et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
Anhui Agricultural University
China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, China
Queen'
s University Belfast, UK

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Shan et al., 2013)

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
University of Minnesota, USA

Fungal resistance: More resistance against Bipolaris maydis, the causing agent of Southern corn leaf blight.
(Xie et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: increased resistance to chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV).
(Malik et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of the Punjab
University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Washington State University, USA

Increased jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation after wounding and plant resistance to herbivorous insects.
( Sun et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: reduced cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) symptom severity and incidence. CBSD threatens cassava production in West Africa and is a major constraint on cassava production in East and Central Africa.
(Gomez et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA

Robust rust resistance to pandemic stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis (Pst) without growth and yield penalty.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Fungal resistance: increased resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph Bipolaris maydis). SLB is a major foliar disease which causes significant yield losses in maize worldwide.
(Chen et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University, China
Corteva AgriscienceTM
USDA-ARS
North Carolina State University, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa. Bacteria enter the host and produce a toxin, which prevents the production of chlorophyl.
(Han et al., 2020)

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hainan University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine
China Agricultural University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing Three Gorges University
Shenyang Agricultural University
Nankai University
Northeast Forestry University, China

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), a major fungal disease, threatening one of the most economically valuable horticular crops.
(Wan et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture, China
Northwest A&
F University
University of Maryland College Park, USA

Viral resistance: Resistance against potato leaf roll virus, potato virus Y, potato virus X and potato virus S, which have been recognized as the major potato viruses.
(Zhan et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hubei University
Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Fungal resistance: Reduced pathogenicity to the oomycete Phytophthora palmivora, a destructive pathogen that infects all parts of papaya plants. Increased papain sensitvity of in-vitro growth. Papaya fruits contain papain, a cysteine protease that mediates plant defense against pathogens and insects.
(Gumtow et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

Fungal resistance: improved resistance to necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea.
(Jeon et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Stanford University, UK
L’Oreal, France
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Xie et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Fungal resistance: Improved resistance against Phytophtora without affecting potato growth and development.
(Bi et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
South China Agricultural University
Shanghai Normal University
Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Oomycete resistance: significantly reduced susceptibility to downy mildew disease (DM). DM is caused by Peronospora belbahrii, a worldwide threat to the basil industry.
(Zhang et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The State University of New Jersey, USA

Enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Tobacco Research, China

Early on site detection of Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae.
( Li et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hainan University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
China Agricultural University
Post-Entry Quarantine Center for Tropical Plant, China

Fungal resistance: increased resistance to Botrytis cinerea.
(Wang et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University and Ministry of Agriculture, China

Rapid detection of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides, a phytopathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium ear and stalk rot and poses a threat to maize yields. This accurate and portable detection equipment has great potential for detection of the pathogen, even in areas lacking proper lab equipment.
( Liang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Food Science and Technology
North Minzu University
School of Food Science and Engineering, China
Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium

Sensitive on-site diagnosis of Rice bakanae disease, caused by F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, and F. andiyazi.
( Zhang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: enhanced resistance against chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV). The range of symptoms caused by CpCDV varies from mosaic pattern to streaks to leaf curling and can include browning of the collar region and stunting, foliar chlorosis and necrosis.
(Munir Malik et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of the Punjab
University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Washington State University, USA

Visual detection of Fusarium temperatum, the causal agent of maize stalk rot disease which reduces grain yield and threatens food safety and quality.
This simple detection platform allows high-throughput testing with potential for applications in field detection.
( Li et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin University
Jilin Agricultural University
Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, China

Rapid detection of Bacillus cereus, which is a foodborne pathogen that can cause different diseases through production of enterotoxins.
( Li et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Guangzhou Wanlian Biotechnology Co., China

Viral resistance: increased resistance to infection with the potato virus Y (PVY) and tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. PVY is one of the most economically important potato pathogens
(Makhotenko et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Russia Moscow State University, Russia
Doka Gene Technologies Ltd, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zeng et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Bacterial resistance: Xanthomonas citri, causing citrus canker, one of the most serious diseases affecting the global citrus industry.
(Jia et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Visual detection of brassica yellows virus (BrYV), an economically important virus on cruciferous species. This assay allows for convenient, portable, rapid, low-cost, highly sensitive and specific detection and has great potential for on-site monitoring of BrYV.
( Xu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University, China

Viral resistance: increased resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).
(Jogam et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kakatiya University
Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), India
University of Minnesota
East Carolina University, USA

Fungal resistance: contribute to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance.
(Zhang et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Fungal resistance: Improved resistance to false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. False smut is one of the major fungal diseases of rice.
(Liang et al., 2018)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China

Fungal resistance: Improved resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae.
(Lijuan et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China

Visualization of the early stages of Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) infection in vivo. CBB is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis.
( Veley et al., 2021 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
National Root Crops Research Institute, Nigeria

Fungal resistance: broad-spectrum stress tolerance including Pseudoperonospora cubernsis (P. cubensis) resistance. P. cubensis is the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, responsible for devastating losses worldwide of cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash.
(Dong et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA

Insect-resistant plant.
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Huanghuai University
Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
School of Life Sciences, China

Enhanced resistance to downy mildew pathogen.
( Hasley et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

Resistance to Phytophthora sojae, which severely impairs soybean production.
( Yu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Jiamusi Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Insect resistance: Apolygus lucorum are less attracted to the plant.
(Teng et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yunnan University
Shanxi Agricultural University
National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station
Biocentury Transgene (China) Co. Ltd., China

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance against rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici., while also increasing yield.
(Liu et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southwest University
Yangtze University, China
University of Cologne, Germany
University of Maryland

Bacterial and fungal resistance: Resistance to bacterial blight and rice blight. Also spontaneous cell death, altered seed dormancy (pre-harvest sprouting) and enhanced growth.
(Liao et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agricultural College of Yangzhou University
Yangzhou University, China

Fungal resistance to Oidium neolycopersici, causing powdery mildew, one of the most important diseases limiting the production of wheat.
( Zhang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance against Verticillium and Fusarium wilt, which threatens the cotton production world wide.
(Zhao et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Fungal resistance: Reduced susceptibility to Verticillium longisporum, fungal pathogen that causes stem striping in Brassica napus and leads to huge yield losses.
(Ye et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
Institut für Zuckerrübenforschung
Hohenlieth-Hof, NPZ Innovation GmbH, Germany
Aswan University, Egypt
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China

Reduced aphid damage to improve crop resistance to aphids or other insects. Restrict aphid sucking on watermelon.
( Li et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, China

Resistance to parasitic weed: Phelipanche aegyptiaca. The obligate root parasitic plant causes great damages to important crops and represents one of the most destructive and greatest challenges for the agricultural economy.
(Bari et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Newe Ya’ar Research Center,
Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Israel
University of California, USA

Fungal resistance: increased resistance against powdery mildew, a destructive disease that threatens cucumber production globally.
(Dong et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California Davis, USA
Wageningen University &
Research, The Netherlands

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Li et al., 2012)

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Increased resistance to drought stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity and defence system.
( Gao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University
China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., China

Resistance to parasitic weed: Striga spp. The parasitic plant reduces yields of cereal crops worldwide.
(Hao et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Pennsylvania State University, USA
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Senegal
Kenyatta University, Kenya

Sensitive and specific visual detection method for Acidovorax citrulli, an important seed-borne disease of the cucurbits.
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fuyang Normal University
Anhui Jianzhu University
Southern Subtropicals Grops Research Institute, China

Oomycete resistance: increased resistance against soybean root rot disease caused by Phytophthora sojae.
(Liu et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Bacterial resistance: resistance to Xanthomonas citri, a pathogen causing citrus canker. Citrus canker is one of the most devastating citrus diseases worldwide, causing canker symptoms. Generating disease-resistant varieties is one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly measures for controlling canker.
(Jia et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida
Citrus Research and Education Center, USA

Viral resistance: Strong barley yellow dwarf virusses (BYDV) resistance without negative effects on plant growth under field conditions. BYDV threatens efficient and stable production of wheat, maize, barley and oats.
(Wang et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University
The Shennong Laboratory
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance.
( Xu et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Fungal resistance: increased resistance against the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Wheat stripe rust is caused by Pst and is one of the most destructive wheat diseases, resulting in significant losses to wheat production worldwide.
(He et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Hebei Agri cultural University, China

Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance to the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
(Sun et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Xu et al., 2021)

SDN1
TALENs

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Crop Diseases Research Institute, Pakistan

Fungal resistance: stripe rust resistance, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. In appropriate environmental conditions and susceptible varieties, stripe rust can cause huge grain yield and quality loss.
(Li et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fudan University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University
Guangzhou University
School of Life Science
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Ministry of Agriculture
National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize
Sichuan Agricultural University
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Université Paris Cité
Université Paris-Saclay, France

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hebei Agricultural University
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China
The Ohio State University, USA

Viral resistance: Resistance to Potato Virus Y (PVY), one of the most devastating viral pathogens causing substantial harvest losses.
(Zhan et al., 2019)

CRISPR/Cas

Hubei University
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Germany

Viral resistance: Reduced viral load and symptoms after bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) infection.
(Baltes et al., 2015)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Minnesota
The Ohio State University, USA
Institute of Biophysics ASCR, Czech Republic

Visual detection of Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight in potato, which poses a persistant threat to potato production worldwide. The platform is specific, sensitive and suitable for high-throughput detection.
( Guo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin University
Jilin Agricultural University
Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, China

Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance to blast without affecting the major agronomic traits. Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a devastating disease affecting rice production globally
(Nawaz et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Fungal resistance: increased resistance to Phytophthora tropicalis. Severe outbreaks can destroy all cacao fruit on a farm. Each year, global cacao production is destroyed with 20-30% by pathogens.
(Fister et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Pennsylvania State University, USA

Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance against powdery mildew, caused by Oidium neolycopersici, which is a major concern for the productivity of tomato plants.
(Li et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Torino, Italy
Wageningen University &
Research, The Netherlands
Shanxi Agricultural University, China

Significant resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae.
( Hu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Jiangxi Agricultural University
Wuhan Towin Biotechnology Company Limited, China

Resistance against leaf chewing insects: leaf-chewing insects cause yield loss and reduce seed quality in soybeans
(Zhang et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University
Henan Agricultural University, China

Fungal resistance: Assay for rapid detection of Diaporthe aspalathi, causal agent of Southern stem canker, which causes huge losses of soybean worldwide.
(Dong et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hainan University
Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: Increased resistance to a potyvirus sugarcane mosaic virus, which causes dwarf mosaic disease in maize, sugarcane and sorghum.
(Xie et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Longping Agriculture Science Co. Ltd.
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yunnan Agricultural University, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Cai et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Viral resistance: reduced potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) accumulation and alleviated disease symptoms. PSTVd can threaten tomato production.
(Wei Khoo et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Southwest University
Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Inner Mongolia Zhongjia Agricultural Biotechnology Co. Ltd., China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agricultural College of Yangzhou University
Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Science
Yangzhou University
Testing Center of Yangzhou University
Ministry of Agriculture
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, China
BASF, Germany

Fungal resistance to Oidium neolycopersici, causing powdery mildew, one of the most important diseases limiting the production of wheat.
( Wang et al., 2014 )

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to blast and bacterial blight.
(Zhang et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Enhanced resistance to insects, no serotonin production and higher salicylic acid levels. Rice brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) and striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) are the two most serious pests in rice production.
( Lu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Ltd.
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, China
Newcastle University, UK

Enhanced blast disease resistance
( Liao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: highly efficient resistance to a broad spectrum of geminiviruses. Geminiviruses severely damage economically important crops worldwide.
(Li et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guangxi University
Zhejiang University, China

Rapid detection system for Paracoccus marginatus, an insect that can cause huge crop losses.
( Chen et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
UMR ISA, France

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zhou et al., 2015)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Iowa State University, USA

Bacterial resistance: resistance against bacterial spot disease, caused by Xanthomonas species, which could be a devastating to tomato as well as pepper.
(Ortega et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
University of Florida, USA

Visual detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV), one of the important quarantine pathogens in China. This novel method is specific, rapid, sensitive and does not require special instruments and technical expertise.
( Duan et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, China
Alexandria University, Egypt

Fungal and bacterial resistance: improved resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae–caused rice blast and bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. Rice blast and bacterial leaf streak are deadly diseases that can lead to serious damage.
(Yang et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University
Guangxi Lvhai
Seed Co., China

Enhanced resistance against rice bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS).
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang Normal University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Oilseed rape mutant with non-abscising floral organs. Clerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a detrimental fungal disease for oilseed rape. Petal infection is crucial to the prevalence of SSR in oilseed rape. Oilseed rape varieties with abscission-defective ﬂoral organs were predicted to be less susceptible to Sclerotinia infection and to have a longer ﬂowering period to enhance tourism income.
( Wu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Traits related to abiotic stress tolerance

Increased drought tolerance.
( Xu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

R&
D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd.
Sichuan Agriculture University, China

Enhanced salt tolerance and alkali resistance among other resistances.
( Luo et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry
Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Harbin Normal University, China

More tolerant to chilling stress: increased survival rate, decreased membrane permeability, and reduced lipid peroxidation.
(Xu et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan University of Science and Technology
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Enhanced salt tolerance.
( Chen et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minzu University of China
Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, China

Drought tolerance.
( Kim D et al,. 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Montana State University, USA

Reduced cadmium (Cd) accumulation and enhanceed Cd resistance. Cd accumulation in the edible parts of the plant pose potential risks to human health.
( Zheng et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC
China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. LTD
Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA)
Zhengzhou University, China

Enhanced salinity stress tolerance.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Normal University
Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Linyi University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased water-deficit tolerance.
( Lv et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Chilling tolerance.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin University, China

Reduction in cadmium accumulation. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health.
( Yao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan University
Science and Technology Innovation Center of Sichuan Modern Seed Industry Group, China

Enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress.
( Shen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University
Yunnan Agricultural University, China

Reduced cadmium contamination. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal.
( Zhu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangzhou University, China

Enhanced cadmium resistance with reduced cadmium accumulation in roots and shoots. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health.
( Dang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China

Potassium deficiency tolerance and contribution to stomatal closure.
( Mao et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
National Center of Rice Improvement of China
National Engineering Laboratory of Rice
South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, China

Drought and salt tolerance.
( Curtin et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Minnesota, USA
The University of Newcastle, Australia

Increased tolerance to low temperatures.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nankai University
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China

Enhanced drought tolerance.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico

Improved drought tolerance and yield.
( Usman et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Improved drought and salt tolerance.
( Zhang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Forestry University
Chinese Academy of Forestry
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nanjing Forestry University, China

Conferred thermotolerance and the stability of heat shock proteins.
( Huang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, China

Improved drought tolerance and larger grain yield under drought stress.
( Feng et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China
Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Enhanced drought tolerance.
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Lower water loss rate under drought conditions.
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Gansu Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enhanced rice salinity tolerance and absisic acid hypersensitivity.
( Yan et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanchang University, China

Enhanced salinity tolerance.
( Zhang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China

Reduced uptake of lead (Pb). Lead is one of the most toxic metals affecting human health globally and food is an important source of chronic Pb exposure in humans.
( Chang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Better salinity tolerance.
( Ma et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Removal of harmful pericarp character of weedy rice while increasing drought tolerance. Weedy rice has the potential of domestication into direct-seeding rice with strong drought tolerance.
( Kong et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Salt-tolerant plants.
( Jingfang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science
Nanjing Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enhanced resistance to drought stress with increased osmotic adjustment, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic efficiency and decreased water loss rate.
( Liu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Tobacco Research Institute
Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology
Shenzhen Yupeng Technology Co.
Sichuan Tobacco Corporation, China

Drought tolerance and abscisic acid sensitivity.
( Lou et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Curled leaf phenotype and improved drought tolerance.
( Liao et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Broad-spectrum stress tolerance: enhanced low temperature, salinity, Pseudoperonospora cubensis and water-deficit tolerance.
(Dong et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA

Improved cold tolerance.
( Park et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rural Development Administration
Kyungpook National University
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Kyungpook National University
Jeonbuk National University, Korea
College of Marine and Bioengineering, China

Improved drought tolerance.
( Linghu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province
Northwest A &
F University, China

Enhances adaptation to direct-seeding on wet land and tolerance to drought stress in rice. Water stress is the most important factor limiting rice agriculture by either floods or drought.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China

Decreased Cadmium (Cd) accumulation. Consumption of crops that absorb Cd from the soil can cause serious health problems in humans.
( He et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Agricultural University, China

Increased drought tolerance.
( Abdallah et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cairo University, Egypt
Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, USA

Enhanced resistance to salt and oxidative stress and increased grain yield.
( Alfatih et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Enhanced tolerance to heat stress involving ROS homeostasis. Less severe wilting and less membrane damage, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents and higher activities and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes, as well as higher expression of heat shock proteins and genes encoding heat stress transcription factors.
( Yu et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Renmin University of China, China

Reduced arsenic content and increased arsenic tolerance. Arsenic is toxic to organisms and elevated its accumulation may pose health risks to humans.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Henan Agricultural University, China

Improved salinity tolerance.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Taiwan University, Taiwan
University of North Carolina, USA

Improved salt stress resistance. Significant increase in the shoot weight, the total chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll fluorescence under salt stress. Also high antioxidant activities coincided with less reactive oxygen species (ROS).
( Shah Alam et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China
Taif University, Saudi Arabia
Alexandria University, Egypt

Increased root length, which can restore good performance under water stress.
( Gabay et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
University of Haifa, Israel
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Argentina
Fudan University
China Agricultural University, China
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden

Enhanced drought tolerance.
( Qiu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southwest University, China

Enhanced cold tolerance.
( Fan et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Liaocheng University, China

Enhanced drought stress tolerance.
( Yang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University, China

Drought tolerance.
( Zhao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hebei Normal University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Improved Cadmium (Cd)-tolerance by reducing the Cd transport from vacuole to cytosol in tobacco leaves.
( Jia et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University
Xiamen University, China

Improved cold tolerance.
( Shibo et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, China

Increased tolerance to cadmium toxicity.
( Yue et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Salt tolerance during the seedling stage.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agriculture University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

Arsenic (As) tolerance. As is toxic to organisms and elevated As accumulation may pose health risks to humans.
( Duan et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Improved salt tolerance.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University
Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enhanced the tolerance of plants to salt (NaCl), the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses.
( Yue et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Hunan Agricultural University, China

Enhanced drought tolerance
( Wu et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Reduced stomatal density. Intrinsic water-use efficiency was significantly impacted under both well-watered and drought conditions, making reduced stomatal density as a preferable trait.
( Clemens et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
San Diego State University, USA

Early heading phenotype that escapes from cold stress and achieves high yield potential.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Institute of Lianyungang Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Area/Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enhanced drought resistance through decreased stomata density and reduced water loss.
( Lv et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China

Improved yield and cold tolerance. High yield and high cold tolerance were often antagonistic to each other.
( Zeng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China

Enhanced chilling tolerance at seedling stage without yield loss.
( Deng et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yuelushan Laboratory, China

Fruits insensitive to the effectss of high temperature stress and with reduced browning phenotype caused by high temperatures.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A &
F University
College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, China

Drought resistance.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin Agricultural University, China

Reduced cadmium content. Cadmium poses a health treat, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms.
( Hao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan University of Arts and Science
Hunan Normal University, China

Shorter internode length, reduced plant height and a thicker culm wall, which might indicate lodging resistance.
( Zhao et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Improved rice growth with increased plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content but with a lower degree of oxidative injury and Cd accumulation.
( Cao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Salt tolerance.
( Duan et al,. 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Modulate aluminium resistance. Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main factor inhibiting plant root development and reducing crops yield in acidic soils.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
China Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Fragrant sorghum. No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market. Extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves. Experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable for animal feeding.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Animal facility Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, China

Increased potassium concentrations (K+). Potassium is crucial for improving the quality of tobacco.
( Gao et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering
Research Center
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Modified composition: accumulation of fivefold more starch than WT leaves, and more sucrose as well. Architectural changes
(Bezrutczyk et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Germany
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, USA

High-oleic acid content. Oleic acid has better oxidative stability than linoleic acid due to its monounsaturated nature. High levels of linoleic acid reduces the oxidative stability of cottonseed oil, which can cause rancidity, a short shelf life and production of detrimental trans-fatty acids.
( Chen et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Amylose-free starch in tubers.
( Toinga-Villafuerte et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M University, USA

Decreases in palmitic acid, increased total C18 and reduced total saturated fatty acid contents. Reduced saturated fat content is connected to lowered cardiovascular disease rate.
( Gupta et al., 2012 )

SDN1
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences
Sangamo BioSciences, USA

Nattokinase (NK) producing cucumber. NK is effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
( Ni et al., 2023 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Xuzhou University of Technology
Nankai University, China

Yellow-seed production, a desirable trait with great potential for improving seed quality in Brassica crops. The formation of seed colour is due to the deposition of the oxidized form of a flavonoid, called proanthocyanidins (PA). Yellow seeds have a higher oil content.
( Zhai et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Aromatic three-line hybrid.
( Hui et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Waxy rice which lacks amylose. Waxy rice is regarded as a high-quality rice variant, also known as glutinous rice. Due to the unique properties of waxy rice starch, it is extensively used in the chemical industry, medicine, and daily human life.
( Fu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
Meishan Dongpo District Agricultural and Rural Bureau, China

High oleic, low linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid phenotype. High concentration of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids causes oxidative instability.
( Do et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Missouri, USA
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam

Fragrant rice.
( Shan et al., 2015 )

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Lower levels of D hordein. D hordein is one of the storage proteins in the grain, with a negative effect on malting quality.
( Li et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Fragrant rice by introducing aroma into non-aromatic rice varieties. The genome edited fragrant rice was then used as starting material for molecular breeding to introduce both fragrance and high anthocyanin levels in rice.
( Shi et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS)
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, China

Boosted cytokinin biosynthesis and elevated cucumber fruit wart formation. Warty fruit is an important quality trait that greatly affects market value and fruit appearance.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Reduced gluten content. Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered in genetically predisposed individuals by the ingestion of gluten proteins.
( Sánchez-León,et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IASCSIC), Spain
University of Minnesota, USA

Increasing seed oil content (SOC).
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China

Reduced Cd accumulation.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China

Reduced phytic acid (PA) synthesis in seeds, PA is an anti-nutritional compound.
( Liang et al., 2013 )

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Promoted anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites with a variety of biological functions.
( Tu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University, China

Fragrance by accumulation of the natural aroma substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Fragrance is one of the most important rice quality traits, with 2AP being the major contributor to aroma.
( Tang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

High-oleic acid content. Oleic acid has increased oxidative stability compared to linolenic and linoleic acid, improving fuel stability and the oil's suitability for high-temperature food applications, for example frying.
( Jarvis et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Illinois State University
University of North Texas
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA

Increased carotene accumulation in rice endosperm.
( Shao et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, China

Attenuated toxic cyanogen production. Cassava produces toxic cyanogenic compounds and requires food processing for safe consumption.
( Gomez et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, USA

Increased iron content in potato plants. Iron is an essential micronutrient.
( Chauhan et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Panjab University
Panjab University
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, India
University of Minnesota, USA

Enriched levels of Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA lowers blood pressure, has anti-aging effects, and activates the liver and kidney.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

High oleic and low linolenic oil to improve nutritional characteristics, increase shelf-life and frying stability.
( Demorest et al., 2016 )

SDN1
TALENs

Cellectis plant science Inc.
Calyxt, USA

Decrease in percentage of grains with chalkiness and chalkiness degree.
( Fan et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangtze University
Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science
Yichang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Xu et al., 2021 )

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Increased tolerance to the heavy metal Cadmium.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Agricultural Ministry of China, China

Large parthenocarpic fruits. Parthenocarpy, also known as seedless fruits, is preferred by consumers and it ensures consistent fruit yield in variable environmental conditions.
( Hu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Duke University, USA

Sweeter kernels due to the accumulation of sugar rather than starch and waxy with an altered amylose/amylopectin ratio.
( Dong et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement
Anhui Agricultural University, China

High levels of beta-carotene accumulation.
( Lu et al., 2006 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cornell University
University of Minnesota, USA

Increased lysine content with recovered kernel hardness. Lysine is considered of great nutritional importance in animal feeds and human foods.
( Hurst et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Center for Plant Science Innovation
University of Missouri-Columbia, USA

Lower oil content and altered fatty acid composition. Most commercially produced oil seeds synthesize only a relatively small range of fatty acids, offering limited functionality.
( Aznar-Moreno et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kansas State University, USA

Improved fatty acid content: high oleic acid, decreased linoleic acid content to improve nutritional characteristics, increase shelf-life and frying stability.
(Zhang et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin Agricultural University, China

Modified fatty acid profile: increased oleic acid, decreased linoleic and linolenic acid content.
(Huang et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Regulate cucumber fruit wart formation. Warty fruit in cucumber is an important quality trait that greatly affects fruit appearance.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Fragrant glutinous hybrid rice.
( Tian et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Increased soya bean isoflavone content and resistance to soya bean mosaic virus. Isoflavonoids play a critical role in plant-environment interactions and are beneficial to human health.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science
Guangzhou University, China

Improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Decreased amylose content without affecting other desirable agronomic traits.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University
University of Queensland, USA

Low Cadmium (Cd) accumulating. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to virtually all living organisms, including plants.
( Songmei et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry
Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Improved quality by reduced grain protein content (GPC). High GPC is negatively correlated between protein content and peak viscosity and breakdown value. High GPC is also positively correlated to protein content and hardness.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China

Increased protein content and increased grain weight. Increase in grain protein content has a positive effect on flour protein content and gluten strength, two quality parameters.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shandong Normal University, China

Enhanced oil composition. Increased oleic acid content and significant decreases in the less desirable polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (i.e. a decrease from ~16% to <4%) and linolenic acid (a decrease from ~35% to <10%).
( Jiang et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska
University of California, USA

Increased phosphorus content and improved fruit quality.
( Zhang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Ministry of Education, China

Increased RS. Cereals high in RS may be beneficial to improve human health and reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases.
( Biswas et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M Univ.
Avance Biosciences Inc., USA

Glossy phenotype. Reduced epicuticular wax in leaves.
( Char et al., 2015 )

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Low amylose content to improve the rice eating quality.
( Mao et al., 2022 )

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, China

High-quality sugar production by rice (98% sucrose content). Carbohydrates are an essential energy-source. Sugarcane and sugar beet were the only two crop plants used to produce sugar.
( Honma et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Faculty of Engineering
Kitami Institute of Technology
NagoyaUniversity
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
Carnegie Institution for Science, USA

Improved fatty acid content: high oleic acid, decreased linoleic acid content. FA composition is important for human health and shelf life.
(Wen et al., 2018)

SDN1
TALENs

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased lysophospholipid content and enhanced cooking and eating quality. Lysophospholipid (LPL) is derived from the hydrolysis of phospholipids and plays an important role in rice grain quality.
( Khan et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China

Changing grain composition: decrease in the prolamines, an increase in the glutenins, increased starch content, amylose content, and β-glucan content. The protein matrix surrounding the starch granules was increased.
(Yang et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Norwich Research Park, UK
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Reduced arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grain. Inorganic As is a carcinogen and decreasing the accumulation would improve the food safety of rice.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Improved seed protein content.
( Shen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Corteva Agriscience
University of Arizona, USA

Low polyunsaturated fats content. Soybean oil is high in polyunsaturated fats and is often partially hydrogenated. The trans-fatty acids produced through hydrogenation pose a health threat.
( Haun et al., 2014 )

SDN1
TALENs

Cellectis plant sciences Inc., USA

Reduced cadmium content. Cadmium poses a health treath, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms.
( Tang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Normal University, China

Increased grain weight and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased.
( Guo et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Lowered amylose content and viscosity, risen gel consistency and gelatinization temperature values, all resulting in improved eating and cooking quality.
( Song et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu University
Institute of Food Crops
Yangzhou University, China

Facilitated Isoproturon Metabolism and Detoxification: Improved growth, the Isoproturon (IPU)-induced cellular damage was attenuated, and IPU accumulation was significantly repressed
(Zhai et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Reduced flavonoids and improved fatty acid composition with higher linoleic acid and linolenic acid, valuable for rapeseed germplasm and breeding. The genetic improvement has great significance in the economic value of rapeseeds.
( Xie et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University
The Ministry of Education of China, China
University of Western Australia, Australia

Highly specific detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereal samples. OTA is classified as a Class 2B carcinogens. The method can be flexibly customized to detect a wide range of small molecular targets and holds great promise as a versatile sensing kit with applications in various fields requiring sensitive and specific detection of diverse analytes.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ningbo University
Hainan University
Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, China
University of New South Wales, Australia

Increased levels of oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Camelina is a low-input oilseed crop. It is necessary to ameloriate fatty acid composition in oils to meet different application requirements.
( Ozseyhan et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Montana State University, USA

β-conglycinin deficiency, which lowers allergenicity and increases nutritional value.
( Song et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry
Harbin Normal University
Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jilin Agricultural University, China
USDA Agricultural Research Service
University of Missouri, USA

Reduced levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organic pollutants which have great ecological and health risks, in the edible parts.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, China

Aromatic maize.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shandong Normal University
Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

High-amylose content (up to 56% in apparent amylose content) and resistant starch (up to 35%).
( Luo et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co.,
Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, China

Zero amylose grain. Amylose levels significantly influence processing of grain.
( Li et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qinghai University
Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry
Sciences
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Reducing polyunsaturated fatty acids content and increased content of monounsaturated fatty acids. High levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in natural soybean oil renders the oil susceptible to the development of unpalatable flavors and trans fatty acids.
( Fu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Generation of seed lipoxygenase-free soybean. Lipoxygenases are responsible for an unpleasant beany flavor by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, restricting human consumption.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, China

Reduction of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). SGAs in most potato tissues are toxic to humans when the fresh weight is over 200mg/kg. High SGAs content also damage the quality of potato tubers.
( Zheng et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Qinghai University, China

Increased flavonoid content, functioning as allelochemicals and insect deterrents.
( Lam et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shenzhen
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Forestry University, China
Kyoto University, Japan

Improved grain quality. The amylose content, gel consistency and pasting viscosity of grain starches are influencing the grain appearance, cooking/eating quality and starch physical characters.
( Zeng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture
South China Agricultural University, China

Increased lycopene content. Lycopene plays a role in treating chronic diseases and lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Enhanced contents of lycopene, phytoene, prolycopene, a-carotene, and lutein.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Glossy green phenotype and reduced cuticular wax load.
( Liu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hunan Agricultural University
Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute, China

Enhancing the accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, essential components of a healthy, balanced diet.
( Han et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rothamsted Research, UK
Montana State University, USA

Enhanced levels of glucoraphanin. The hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin has powerful anticancer activity.
( Zheng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University
Zhejiang University
Bijie Institute of Agricultural Science, China

Enhanced soybean aroma and functional marker for improving soybean flavor.
( Qian et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China
Zhejiang University of Technology
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Waxy phenotype, abolition of amylose.
( Qi et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased grain hardness and reduced grain width. Grain hardness index of hina mutants was 95.5 on average, while that of the wild type was only 53.7, indicating successful conversion of soft barley into hard barley.Grain hardness, defined as the resistance of the kernel to deformation, is the most important and defining quality of barley and wheat.
( Jiang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Qinghai Normal University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Reduction in cadmium accumulation. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health. Cadmium accumulation represents a severe threat to people consuming rice as a staple food.
( Yang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Conversion of a normal maize hybrid into a waxy version, a specialty that produces mainly amylopectin starch with special food or industrial values and thus has high economic value.
( Qi et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, China

Increased sucrose content.
( Ren et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement
Capital Normal University
China Agricultural University, China
Cornell University
Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USA

Fine-tuning sugar content. Consumer preference varies along regional, cultural, and age lines, thus the solution is to create a continuum of phenotypic “taste” changes
( Xing et al., 2020 )

Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Increased sugar and amino acid content leading to improved fruit quality.
( Nguyen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Food Industries Research Institute, Vietnam
University of Missouri, USA

Increased contents of GABA, protein, crude fat, and various mineral contents. GABA-rich rice varieties can promote human nutrition, and ensure health.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China

High oleic acid, low linoleic content.
( al Amin et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin Agricultural University, China

Reduced arsenic content, a highly toxic metalloid harming human health. Inorganic Arsenic is listed as a carcinogen.
( Ye et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Altered lignin composition: decreased syringyl monolignol / guaiacylmonolignol (S/G) ratio. The monolignol ratio has been proposed to affect biomass recalcitrance and the resistance to plant disease.
(Cao et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

SouthwestUniversity, China
University of Wisconsin, USA

Improved cadmium tolerance by reducing the Cd transport from vacuole to cytosol in tobacco leaves.
( Jia et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University
Xiamen University, China

Increased flavonoid content. Flavonoids play a role in fruit colour and are important for human health as favourable hydrophilic antioxidants.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased grain number per spikelet.
( Zhang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Missouri
South Dakota State University
University of California
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
University of Bristol, UK

Reduced phytate production + herbicide tolerance. Generation of a dual phenotype through targeted manipulation of a single locus.
( Shukla et al., 2009 )

SDN3
ZFN

Dow AgroScience, USA

Generation of a new glutinous Photothermosensitive Genic-Male-Sterile (PTGMS) line with a low amylose content. PTMGS line combines high-quality and high-light-efficiency use, disease and stress resistance.
( Teng et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Amylose-free tubers.
( Abeuova et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Center for Biotechnology (NCB)
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan

Enhanced soluble sugar content in tomato fruit. Soluble sugar improves the sweetness and increases tomato sauce yield.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xinjiang Agricultural University, China

Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Normal University, China

Rice grain with a reduced amino acid and total protein content without affecting the agronomic traits of the plant. Additionally, the grain showed improved cooking and eating quality.
( Yang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Promoted phenolic acid biosynthesis. Salvia is tradional Chinese medicine with great medical value to treat cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Phenolic acids make up a big part of the bioactive compounds.
( Shi et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

East China University of Science and Technology
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

Increased amylose and resistant starch. In food products, high amylose content and long amylopectin chains contribute to a low glycaemic index (GI) after intake, playing a role in health benefits.
( Ma et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab
Anhui Agricultural University
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Reduced amount of saturated fatty acids (FA) in soybean seeds for nutrititional improvement. FA are linked to cardiovascular diseases.
( Ma et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China
La Trobe University, Australia

Increased phosphorus and anthocyanin content.
( Zhang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Ministry of Education, China

Biofortification: Enhanced Zinc and Manganese tolerance and increased Zinc and Manganese accumulation in rice grains.
(Qiao et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenzhen University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Reduced phytic acid (PA) synthesis in seeds, PA is an anti-nutritional compound.
( Liang et al., 2013 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Reduction of phytic acid (PA) in seeds. PA has adverse effects on essential mineral absorption and thus is considered as an anti-nutritive for monogastric animals.
( Khan et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China

Increased gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. GABA is a nonproteogenic amino acid with health-promoting functions.
( Lee et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Reduced grain chalkiness.
( Gann et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cell and Molecular Biology Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA

Imrpoved rice eating and cooking quality with down-regulated rice grain protein content, which is negatively regulated to ECQ.
( Yang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Increased gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA): 1.34-fold to 3.50-fold increase in GABA accumulation. GABA is a nonprotegeonomic amino acid with health-promoting functions.
(Li et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Increased vitamin C content, increased oxidation stress tolerance and increased ascorbate content.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Low tartaric acid.
( Ren et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Reduction of amylose content (AC). AC is the predominant factor determining rice eating and cooking quality.
( He et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northeast Agricultural University, China

Reduced levels of very long chain saturated fatty acids in kernels, which are associated with revalance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
( Huai et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
International Crops Research Institute of the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Murdoch University, Australia

High fruit malate accumulation. Malate is a primary organic acid in tomato and a crucial compound that contributes to fruit flavor and palatability.
( Ye et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Cornell University, USA

Increased grain amylose content. Improving grain quality is one of the most important goals in rice breeding. Contribute to the breeding of rice cultivars with better eating and cooking quality, as cooking and eating quality is determined from amylose content.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
China National Seed Group Co., China

Altered gliadin levels resulting in improved end-use quality and reduced gluten epitopes associated with celiac disease. Gliadins are important for wheat end-use traits.
( Liu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Italy

Reduced raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) levels in seeds. Human and other monogastric animals cannot digest major soluble carbohydrates, RFOs.
( Le et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
University of Missouri, USA
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
Germany

Increased amylose content. Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits and reduce risks of diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and certain colon and rectum cancers.
( Sun et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA
University of Liege, Belgium

Reduced content of saturated fatty acids: low palmitic and high oleic acid. Great potential for improving peanut oil quality for human health.
(Tang et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Qingdao Agricultural University, China

Ultra-low nicotine level
( Burner et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University, USA

Modification of starch composition, structure and properties. Foods with a high amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential to improve human health and lower the risk of serious non-infectious diseases.
( Li et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Decreased cadmium accumulation in rice grain, while leaving important agronomic traits including yield, unaffected. Cadmium poses a health threat, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms
( Luo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
China National Rice Research Institute
Southern University of Science and Technology, China

Decreased seed size and promoted seed germination. To improve consumer experience for flesh-consumed watermelons, no (or small and sparse) seeds are better because the flesh portion is larger.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, China

Improved seed oil content: increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and decreased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
(Wang et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
National Research Council Canada, Canada

Carotenoid-enriched. Carotenoids, the source of pro vitamin A, are an essential component of dietary antioxidants.
( Dong et al., 2020 )

SDN3
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
The Joint Bioenergy Institute, USA

Alteration of the inositol phosphate profile in developing seeds.
( Shukla et al., 2009 )

SDN1
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences
Sangamo BioSciences, USA

Improved fatty acid content: increased content of oleic acid, reduced erucic acid levels and slightly decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Fatty acid composition is important for human health and shelf life.
(Shi et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Improved amylose levels to influence grain eating and cooking quality (ECQ).
( Huang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Low erucic acid (EA) content. Composition of fatty acids affects the edible and processing quality of vegetable oils. EA is potentially to cause health problems.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

High levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in soybean seed oil. High MUFA content in vegetable oils can lead to significant health benefits and improve the oxidative stability, which are essential for both food usage and biodiesel (and other renewable resource) synthesis.
( Li et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University, China

Improved starch quality. Reduced amylopectin and increased amylose percentage.
( Wang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co. LTD
Chinese Academy of Science, China
University of Kentucky, USA

Increased digestibility and protein quality. Reduced kafirin levels. Kafirins are the major storage proteins in sorghum grains and form protein bodies with poor digestibility. Kafirins are devoid of the essential amino acid lysine, they also impart poor protein quality to the kernel.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska
University of Missouri, USA

Low glutelin content in the rice germplasm: patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) need to eat rice with low glutelin content.
(Chen et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Henan Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Improvement of starch quality.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Science

Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co.
LTD, China
University of Kentucky, USA

Reduced content of trypsin inhibitors, one of the most abundant anti-nutritional factors in soybean seeds. Reduction of trypsin inhibitors leads to improved. digestibility of soybean meal.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Virginia Tech, USA

Traits related to increased plant yield and growth

Early flowering under long day conditions of higher latitudes to spread production of maize over a broad range of latitudes rapidly.
( Huang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Wisconsin, USA

Early-flowering varieties. The timing of flowering is an important event in the life cycle of flowering plants.
( Jiang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University, China
Université de Strasbourg, France

Decreased spike rachis node number and increased grain size and weight.
( Fan et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased rice grain size and yield.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., China

Longer root hairs. Root hairs effectively enlarge the soil-root contact area and play essential roles for nutrient and water absorption.
( Yang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Linyi University
Hunan Agricultural University, China

Increased grain number per main panicle and an increased seed settling rate.
( Qian et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Improved high-density yield and drought/osmotic stress tolerance.
( Chen et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Texas Tech University, USA

Increased spikelet number and delayed heading date. Two traits that are crucial and correlated to yield in wheat.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Increased grain size and chalkiness.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University, China

Faster seedling growth.
( Zhou et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Maryland, USA

Helical and vine-like growth. Helical growth is an economical way for plant to obtain resources.
( Yang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Reduction of plant height through accumulation of ceramides. Plant height is an important agronomic trait of rice, it directly affects the yield potential and lodging resistance.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanchang University
Henan Agricultural University, China
Hokkaido University, Japan

Enhancing grain-yield-related traits by increases in meristem size
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor
University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Improved grain length and weight by promoting cell proliferation in spikelet hull
( Wu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Increases size of starch granules. Granule size is a key parameter for industrial processing. Larger granules may increase yield during processing and it has been shown in sweet potato that smaller starch granules degrade faster than large granules, so larger granule tubers may be beneficial for storage.
( Pfotenhauer et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Tennessee, USA

Increased bending strength. Stalk lodging, which is generally determined by stalk strength, results in considerable yield loss and has become a primary threat to maize yield under high-density planting.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Iowa State University, USA

Enhanced grain yield and semi-dwarf phenotype by manipulating brassinosteroid signal pathway.
( Song et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, USA

Increased seed size and yields without alterations in plant architecture or seed nutrition.
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Forestry University
Northeast Agricultural University, China

Improved grain length and weight by promoting cell proliferation.
( Wu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Delayed flowering, which can increase grain yield and quality.
( Zhou et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Forestry University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beidahuang Group Erdaohe Farm CO., China

Genetic diversity.
( Shen et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Yangzhou University, China

Shorter flowering time and increased yield.
( Cheng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin Normal University
Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Semi-dwarf phenotype and compact architecture to increase yield. Plant height and branch angle are the major architectural factors determining yield.
( Fan et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
Wilkes University, USA

Semi-dwarf phenotype to improve product and lodging resistance.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased yield.
( Huang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
BGI-Baoshan, China

Increased pollen activity, subsequently inducing fruit setting.
( Wu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Chongqing University, China
Université de Toulouse, France

Early flowering. Day-light sensitivity limited the geographical range of cultivation.
( Soyk et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Germany
Université Paris-Scalay, France

More and longer lateral roots, more xylem and increased development of secondary vascular tissues: plants more suitable for biofuel and bioenergy production.
(An et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang A &
F University, China

Late flowering. Photoperiod sensitivity limits geographical range of cultivation.
( Cai et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Dwarf phenotype.
( Lawrenson et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK
Murdoch University, USA

Increased grain number due to increased meristem activity and enhanced panicle branching.
( Li et al., 2013 )

SDN1
ZFN

Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center
Wuhan University, China

Increased spine density. The “numerous spines (ns)” cucumber varieties are popular in Europe and West Asia.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Combine agronomically desirable traits with useful traits present in wild lines. Threefold increase in fruit size and a tenfold increase in fruit number. Fruit lycopene accumulation is improved by 500% compared with the widely cultivated S. lycopersicum.
( Zsögön et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Universidade de São Paulo Paulo, Brazil
University of Minnesota, USA
Universität Münster, Germany

Enhanced performance of soybean under dense conditions.
( Ji et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Southern University of Science and Technology, China

Altered grain number per panicle and increased seed weight.
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased grain yield under field drought stress conditions and no yield loss under well-watered conditions.
( Shi et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Increased nodule numbers. Soybean is a globally important crop for oil production and protein for human diet.
( Bai et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Nanchang University, China

Increased seed oil content (SOC). SOC is a major determinant of yield and quality.
( Karunarathna et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
Zhejiang University, China

Increased grain yield and quality.
( Luo et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University, China
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Regulation of pollen tube growth. The tube grows in female reproductive tissues to transport two sperm cells into the embryo sac for double fertilization during sexual reproduction.
( Liu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Early flowering and maturity. Flowering time (heading date) is an important trait for crop yield and cultivation.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sinobioway Bio-Agriculture Group, Co., China
Corteva™ Agriscience, USA

Dwarf and high tillering phenotypes.
( Yang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenzhen University
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

Reduced seed shattering. Seed shattering is one of the main constraints on grain production in African cultivated rice, which causes severe grain losses during harvest.
( Ning et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Africa Rice Center, Benin

Bigger grains, increased grain weight.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Improved lodging resistance in later growth stages due to shorter plant height with enhanced resistance to rice blast.
( Gang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science/Huai'
an Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology
Huaiyin Normal University
China National Rice Research Institute, China

Haploid induction to accelerate breeding in crop plants.
( Kelliher et al., 2017 )

SDN1
TALENs

Syngenta Seeds, USA

Overexpression causes strongly promoted stem elongation, lower expression resulted in dwarf phenotype.
( Mu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Elongated fruit morphology.
( Zhang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China

Enhanced photosynthesis.
( Caddell et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS)
University of California at Berkeley
Utah State University
Texas A&
M University, USA

Increase in floral organ number or fruit size, conferring enhanced tomato fruit yield.
( Rodriguez-Leal et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Increased plant yield due to architectural changes. Leaf inclination: maize plants with upright leaves can be planted at higher densities without shading.
(Brekke et al., 2011)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Iowa State University, USA

Increased shoot branching. The number of side branches is very important to plant architecture, which influences the yield and quality of the plant.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China

Higher yield than wild-type (WT) plants due to increased grain number per panicle, elevated grain weight, and enhanced harvest index.
( Wei et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanghai Normal University, China

Altered plant architecture to increase yield: more compact plant architecture.
(Kong et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, China

Increased seed weight.
( Ji et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University, China

Improve plant architecture to increase yield. Plant height and branch number are directly correlated with yield.
( Zheng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture, China
Wilkes University, USA

Improved rice photosynthetic efficiency and yield: increased light saturation points, stomatal conductance, light tolerance and photosynthetic yields.
(Ye et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Promoted rice growth and productivity.
( Miao et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Dwarf phenotype to increase yield.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanchang University
Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Longer rice grains with reduces plant height.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University
Shenyang Agricultural University, China

Larger fruits with more locules and larger shoot apical meristem.
( Song et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China
University of Toulouse, France

Bigger seedlings.
( Lor et al., 2014 )

SDN1
TALENs

University of Minnesota, USA

Delayed heading date with improved yield-related traits e.g. height, tiller number and grain weight.
( Li et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan
Modern Agriculture, China

Altered branch and petiole angles.
( Kangben et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Clemson University
HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Cotton incorporated, USA

Control flowering time, an important determinant for soybean yield and adaptation.
( Li et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Guangzhou University
Agronomy College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Nanjing Agricultural University
Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased yield potential trough improved nitrogen use efficiency. Enhanced tolerance to N starvation, and showed delayed senescence and increased grain yield in field conditions. Lowered use of N fertilizer.
( Zhang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhengzhou University, China

Increased grain size.
( Chen et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Huazhong Agricultural University
Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Plant development. Phenotypes consistent with increased GA response: tall and slender with light green vegetation.
(Lor et al., 2014)

SDN1
TALENs

University of Minnesota, USA
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Bigger seeds and increased yield.
( Xie et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University
Anhui Agricultural University
Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Southern University of Science and Technology
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China

Range of beneficial phenotypes: additional tillers and smaller culms and panicles.
(Cui et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Yangzhou University, Nagoya University, Japan

Dwarf phenotype. Tomatoes with compact growth habits and reduced plant height can be useful in some environments.
( Ao et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Improved lodging resistance and biomass saccharification.
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University, China

Improved grain quality without severe yield penalty under nitrogen reduction conditions.
( He et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University
Tianjin Tianlong Science and Technology Co. LTD.
National Japanica Rice Research and Development Center, China

Control flowering time, an important determinant for soybean yield and adaptation.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangzhou University
Yunnan Agricultural University
Nanjing Agricultural University
Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, China

Improvement of grain weight. Longer panicle.
( Xu et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China
China Three Gorges University, China

High temperature germination. Large increases in the maximum temperature for seed germination to allow for the cultivation of the crop in production areas with higher temperature.
( Bertier et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California, USA

Altered plant architecture to inrease yield: increased node number on the main stem and branch number.
(Bao et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Duy Tan University, Vietnam
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Japan

Late flowering phenotype.
( Liu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Altered tree architecture, exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes: including differences in branch angle and stem growth.
(Dutt et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA
Mansoura University, Egypt

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Xie et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Earlier heading date. Heading date is one of the key agronomic traits that determines adaptation of rice cultivars.
( Wei et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University
Jiangsu Ruihua Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd, China

Improved yield and fragrance.
( Usman et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Dwarf phenotype. Tomatoes with compact growth habits and reduced plant height can be useful in some environments.
( Tomlinson et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK
University of Minnesota, USA

Reduction of soybean plant height and shortening of the internodes. The height of the soybean plant is a key trait that significantly impacts the yield.
( Cheng et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangzhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased nitrogen utilization efficiency under high nitrate concentrations.
( Hang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Longer grains and increased glume cell length.
( Sheng et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Super-dwarf phenotype. Rice plants with compact growth habits and reduced plant height can be useful in some environments.
( Peng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University
Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China

Butterhead plant architecture.
( Xie et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Improved plant architecture: increased shoot branching, reduced plant height, increased number of leaves and nodes and reduced total plant biomass.
(Gao et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southwest University
Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased tassel branch number (TBN), one of the important agronomic traits that contribute to the efficiency of seed production.
( Guan et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Earlier maturation time under both short-day and long-day conditions.
( Wu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northeast Agricultural University
Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co. Ltd, China

OsGEF5 and OsGDI1 single mutants show significantly reduced height and longer and thinner grains.
( Shad et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

Enhanced photosynthesis and increases seed yield.
( Hu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China

Increased seed number per silique, which increases the mustard yield per plant.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Improved rice yield and immunity.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased plant height, longer roots, smaller root growth angle and increased tuber weight.
( Zhao et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xuanhan County Plant Quarantine Station
Yuguopu District Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center
Ning'
er County Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, China

Increased seed weight.
( Shen et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Increased seeds number per husk, higher seed weight.
( Yang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Increased yield under different environmental conditions: well-watered, drought, normal nitrogen and low nitrogen field conditions and at multiple geographical locations.
(Wang et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sinobioway Bio-Agriculture Group Co.
Ltd
Corteva Agriscience
Johnston, USA

Increased yield.
( Zhou et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Xichang University, China
University of Maryland, USA

Conferred lodging resistance. Tef is a staple food, and valuable cash crop in Ethiopia. Lodging is a major limitation to its production.
( Beyene et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
Corteva Agriscience
Michigan State University, USA
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia

Generation of important yield-related trait characteristics: dense and erect panicles and reduced plant height.
(Wang et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Syngenta Biotechnology, China

Early heading phenotype that escapes from cold stress and achieves high yield potential.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Institute of Lianyungang Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Area/Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased grain yield.
( Chen et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Dwarfing phenotype.
( Sun et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanxi Agricultural University, China

Increasing the number of seeds per pod (NSPP), an important yield determinant.
( Cai et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Improved grain yield by promoting outgrowth buds and increasing tiller number.
( Lu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Elongated, occasionally peanut-like shaped fruit.
( Zheng et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nagoya University
Kanazawa University, Japan
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Plants with longer primary roots and more crown roots, as well as increased sensitivity to auxins and cytokinins. The rice root system is important for growth.
( Mao et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fudan University
Sichuan Agricultural University
Shanghai Normal University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Semi-dwarf phenotype with desired agronomic traits: tolerance to low phosporus levels and broad-spectrum resistance to diseases and insects.
(Hu et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Altering leaf inclination angle which has the potential to elevate yield in high-density plantings.
( Brant et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida
DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, USA
Kastamonu University, Turkey

Improved nitrogen use efficiency.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Only female flowers. Allows earlier production of hybrids, higher yield, and more concentrated fruit set.
( Hu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
China

Semi-dwarf phenotype with increased lodging resistance.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enlarged leaf and petal sizes resulting in bigger flowers. The size of a floral organ is one of the ornamental traits of strawberry.
( Zhao et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shandong Agricultural University, China

Significantly improved photosynthesis and decreased leaf angles. The plant architecture is ideal for dense planting.
( An et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Accelerated seedling growth. Because seedling growth and development are the basis of rice tillering and reproduction, rapid seedling growth and fast sprouting from the soil are vital for the emergence rate and yield.
( Teng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hangzhou Normal University
Inner Mongolia University
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Improved grain yield by modulating pyruvate enzymes and cell cycle proteins, leading to increased grain size. The grain size is a major determinant for rice yield and a vital trait for domestication and breeding.
( Usman et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Increased grain size and modulated shoot architecture.
( Miao et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang A&
F University
Nanchang University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Enlarged grain phenotype.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Henan Agricultural University, China

Improved pod shattering resistance. Pod shattering has been a negatively selected trait in soybean domestication and breeding as it can lead to devastating yield loss of soybean.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, China

Improved yield under short day conditions.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Altered spike architecture and grain treshability to increase grain production.
( Liu et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased grain yield when grown at low latitudes.
( Song et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhejiang A&
F University, China

Improve biomass yield and salinity tolerance.
( Guan et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Shandong institute of agricultural sustainable development
Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, China
Oklahoma State University, USA

Dwarf phenotype to improve crop yield: lodging-resistant, compact, and perform well under high-density planting.
(Sun et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
National &
Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design &
Application Technology
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, China

Semi-dwarf phenotype to improve lodging resistance and increased seed dormancy. Increased seed dormancy can be beneficial for use in the malting industry.
( Cheng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Tasmania
Murdoch University
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Australia
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Regulated inflorescence and flower development. More flowers and more fruit produced upon vibration-assisted fertilization.
( Hu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Université de Toulouse, France
Chongqing University, China

Compact architecture with a smaller petiole angle than wild-type plants.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture
Xiamen University, China

Early heading. Heading date is an important agronomic trait that affects climatic adaptation and yield potential.
( Fan et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University, China

Enhanced tillering and yield.
( Jin et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University, China

Regulated sepal growth
( Xing et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhejiang University, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Increased seed weight.
( Hu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fudan University, China

Delayed flowering.
( Kim et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Myongji University, Korea

Semi-dwarf phenotype. High varieties are challenged by weak lodging and damages caused by storms, dwarf varieties are suitable for mechanized plant maintenance and fruit harvesting.
( Shao et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hunan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
University of Florida, USA

Improvement of yield by reducing the "easy to shatter" trait. Reduced seed shattering ensures better stability during the harvesting processes and improved yields.
( Sheng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Improved rice grain shape and appearance quality. Potential application in breeding of rice varieties with optimized grain morphologies. Slender grain shape.
( Zhao et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Increased plant height with an earlier heading date.
( Fu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Henan Normal University
Sichuan Agricultural University
Henan Agricultural University
Shanxi University, China

More flowers in both determinate and indeterminate cultivars and more produced fruit.
( Hu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Université de Toulouse
Université Bordeaux, France
Chongqing University, China

Shortened flowering time and maturity, determining their favourable latitudinal zone for cultivation.
( Gao et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Syngenta Seed Technology China Co., China

Grain yield, regulation of seed development.
( Yuan et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Early bolting and flowering.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Increased grain length and yield.
( Zhang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Ningbo University, China

Regulate shade avoidance. Soybean displays the classic shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), which leads to yield reduction and lodging under density farming conditions.
( Lyu et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jilin Agricultural University
Shandong Agricultural University
Northeast Agricultural University, China

Dwarf stature and a lesion-mimic phenotype. Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Increased content of salicylic acid and induced plant defense responses.
(Ma et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Peking University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Shortened plant architecture and jointless pedicel without affecting the yield. This plant architecture can allow ground cultivation systems that do not require the support of stakes and ties and could be ultimately suitable for once-over mechanical harvesting.
( Lee et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Reduced seed dormancy: rapid and uniform germination of seeds is important for rice production. Mutant seeds began to germinate 1 day after sowing, while WT seeds needed 2 days.
(Jung et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hankyong National University
Chungbuk National University
Hanyang University, China
Central Luzon State University, Philippines

Semi-dwarf phenotype. Plant height is an important agronomic trait of rice, it directly affects the yield potential and lodging resistance.
( Han et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University
Guangxi University, China

Increased grain weight and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased.
( Guo et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Early flowering time. Flowering time (heading date) is an important trait for crop yield and cultivation.
( Yin et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University, China

Improved field performance: higher yield, producing on average 5.5 bushels per acre more. Waxy corn.
(Gao et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Corteva Agriscience, USA

Altered plant architecture along with a shorter plant height, grain size and increased spikelets and grain density.
( Zhang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China

Increased density by early-flowering phenotype under long-day conditions.
( Li et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shandong Agricultural University
South China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China

Promoting nodulation: up-regulation of expression levels of genes involved in nodulation. Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic nodules strongly up regulate yield.
(Wang et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Institute of Technology
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased formation of adventitious roots (ARs). The formation of ARs is extremely important to the large-scale vegetative propagation of elite genotypes in many economically important woody species.
( Ran et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Forestry University
Yangzhou University, China

Promote outgrowth buds and increase tiller number.
( Lu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering
Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Improved root growth under high and low nitrogen conditions.
( Wang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased yield potential by nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen fertilizer has been applied broadly to increase yield. However, low nitrogen use efficiency causes environmental pollution and ecological deterioration by the nitrogen fertilizers.
( Zhang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhengzhou University, China

Improvement for larger kernel and yield.
( Ma et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A &
F University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased total kernel number or kernel weight.
( Kelliher et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Research Triangle Park
University of Georgia, USA
Syngenta Crop Protection, The Netherlands

Promote growth of axillary buds. Lateral branches develop from the axillary buds. The number of side branches is very important to plant architecture, which influences the yield and quality of the plant.
( Li et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University
Northwest A&
F University
Shandong Agricultural University
Northeast Agricultural University
Shanxi University, China
Oxford University
University of Bedfordshire, UK

Early flowering phenotype with no adverse effect on yield.
( Shang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Dwarf phenotype, which can aid in obtaining more compact, densely planted soybean varieties to boost productivity.
( Xiang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wuhan Polytechnic University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Bushy phenotype and increased tiller production.
( Liu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Iowa State University, USA

Rapid improvement of domestication traits and genes that control plant architecture, flower production and fruit size. Major productivity traits are improved in an orphan crop.
( Lemmon et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor
The Boyce Thompson Institute
Cornell University, USA

Delayed heading date, increased yield and reduced chalkiness under field high temperature stress.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

Enhanced rice grain yield by decoupling panicle number and size
( Song et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shandong Agricultural University
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China

Increased breaking force, leading to improved lodging resistance.
( Dang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China

Customize tomato cultivars for urban agriculture: increased compactness and decreased growth cycle of tomato plants.
(Kwon et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cornell University
University of Florida, USA
Wonkwang University, South Korea
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

Significantly higher potassium accumulation. Potassium ions are essential nutrients for growth and development of tobacco.
( Gao et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enhanced photosynthesis and decreased leaf angles for improved plant architecture and high yields.
( An et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Altered grain number per panicle.
( Shen et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Rice Research Institute, China

Increased rice grain yield under field conditions.
( Li et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University
Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science
Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Science, China

Increased fruit size. Highly branched inflorescence and formation of multiple flowers.
( Rodriguez-Leal et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Traits related to industrial utilization

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Rubber biosynthesis. To accelerate the domestication of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK), a plant notable for its ability to produce high molecular weight rubber in its roots and which might be an alternative source of natural rubber.
( Iaffaldano et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, USA

Male sterility.
( Zhang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University, China

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Xi’an Jinpeng Seedlings Co. Ltd.
Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, China

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production reduces costs and ensures high seed purity during hybrid seed production.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Accumulate low levels of alkaloids. Nicotine is the most abundant alkaloid produced in tobacco plants. Switching to cigarettes containing levels of nicotine below the level of sustaining an addiction response will smoke less and/or find it easier to quit. Possibly, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may mandate such reductions in future cigarette products.
( Smith et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University, USA

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Science and Technology Beijing
Yili Normal University
Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences
Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., China

Generation of a new thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line for hybrid breeding of indica rice.
( Barman et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh

Albino phenotype, self-incompatibility and male sterility.
( Ma et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southwest University, China

Cytoplasmic male sterility.
( Chang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Establishment of maternal haploid induction. Doubled haploid technology is used to obtain homozygous lines in a single generation. This technique significantly accelerates the crop breeding trajectory.
( Zhong et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands

Enhanced oil accumulation in the seed.
( Cai et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Brookhaven National Laboratory
Stony Brook University
Montana State University, USA

Bio-fuel production: Reduced lignin content, improves cell wall composition for production of bio-ethanol.
(Jung et al., 2016)

SDN1
TALENs

Korea University, South Korea
University of Florida, USA

Regulation of flowering time and drought tolerance: flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier.
(Gu et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Stem wood discoloration due to lignin reduction.
( Zhou et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Georgia, USA

Generating male sterility lines (MSL). MS is the absence or non-function of pollen grain in plant or incapability of plants to produce or release functional pollen grains. Using MS lines eliminates the process of mechanical emasculation in hybrid seed production.
( Zou et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile lines to accelerate hybrid rice breeding.
( Zhou et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University
China National Hybrid Rice R&
D Center, China

Male sterility.
( Tu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Manipulation of flowering time to develop cultivars with desired maturity dates. Stabilization of flowering time and period supports efficient mechanised harvesting.
( Ahmar et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University
Chengdu Agricultural College
Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, China

Enhanced biological nitrogen fixation to reduce the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Enhanced biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria by modified root microbiome structure.
( Yan et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Bayer Crop Science, USA

Generating genic male sterility lines (GMS). GMS can promote heterosis in rapeseed. Compared with other approaches, GMS brings about nearly complete male sterility to a hybrid breeding program.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Hybrid Rapeseed Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, China

Male sterility for hybrid seed production reduces costs and ensures high varietal purity.
( Du et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, China

Male sterility.
( Shen et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Agricultural University
Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China

Complete male sterility. The generation, restoration, and maintenance of male sterile lines are the key issues for large-scale commercial hybrid seed production.
( Li et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences
School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences
Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences
School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences
Peking University
Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement,China

Improved pollen viability.
( Lv et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Mianyang Normal University
South China Agricultural University, China

Gynoecious phenotype: only female flowers. Advantageous trait for production of hybrid seed by bees under spatial isolation, because it avoids hand emasculation and hand pollination.
(Zhang et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences
Peking University
Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, China

Guidance for creating male-sterile lines to facilitate hybrid cotton production. Exploit heterosis for improvement of cotton.
( Ma et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Huanggang Normal University
Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Trait stacking. Modern agriculture demands crops carrying multiple traits.
( Ainley et al., 2013 )

SDN1
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences LLC
Sangamo BioSciences, Inc., USA

Control photoperiodic flowering to allow adaptation of cultivars. Flowering time is a critical characteristic to determine the geographic distribution and regional adaptability of soybean.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Domestication: Conferred domesticated phenotypes yet retained parental disease resistance (predominately Xanthomonas perforans), and salt tolerance.
(Li et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Early maturity of rice varieties. Rice is a tropical short-day plant. The northward cultivation in China is accompanied with daylength extension and temperature decrease, which are unfavorable for rice, to complete flowering and seed setting.
( Li et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Early heading: timing of heading is crucial for the reproduction and the geographical expansion of cultivation of rice.
(Sun et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, China

Accelerated abscission. Plant organ abscission is a process important for development and reproductive success,
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, China
University of California at Davis
Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, USA

Hairy root transformation. Hairy roots play a role in multiple processes, ranging from recombinant protein production and metabolic engineering to analyses of rhizosphere physiology and biochemistry.
( Ron et al., 2014 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Emory University, USA
University of Cambridge, UK

Male sterility.
( Djukanovic et al., 2013 )

I-CreI

DuPont/Pioneer Agricultural Biotechnology
Precision Biosciences, USA

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley
National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Generation of male-sterile hexaploid wheat lines for use in hybrid seed production. The development and adoption of hybrid seed technology have led to dramatic increases in agricultural productivity.
( Okada et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The University of Adelaide, Australia
Huaiyin Normal University, China

Creation of photoperiod-/thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (P/TGMS) lines, important for commercial rice breeding. P/TGMS rice lines are useful germplasm resources for two-line hybrid breeding.
( Lan et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Rapid generation of male sterile (MS) bread wheat. MS is an important tool in creating hybrid crop varieties that provide a yield advantage over traditional varieties by harnessing heterosis.
( Singh et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Confer male and female sterility to prevent the risk of trasgene flow from transgenic plants to their wild relatives.
( Wu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jilin Agricultural University
Zhejiang Lab, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Enabled clonal reproduction trough seeds. Application of the method may enable self-propagation of a broad range of elite F1 hybrid crops.
( Wang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Thermosensitive genic male sterile lines with high blast resistance and fragrance quality. Resources for hybrid rice breeding.
( Liang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Self-incompatibility to prevent inbreeding in hermaphrodite angiosperms via the rejection of self-pollen.
( Dou et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Enhanced biomass saccharification by remodelling of cell wall composition.
( Dang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China

Prolonged basic vegetative growth periods for flexible cropping systems in southern China, as well as in other low-latitude regions. Most of the mid-latitude varities were sensitive to temperature or photoperiod, resulting in low grain yield when cultivated in low-latitude regions.
( Wu et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minjiang University, China

Generation of male sterility lines. Heterosis, the breeding result in which heterozygous hybrid progeny are superior to both homozygous parents, depends on the selection and application of male-sterile lines (MSL). Using MSL can reduce the production cost of hybrid seeds and improve its quality.
( Chen et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jilin Agricultural University
Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Generate self-compatible diploid potato lines for the application of efficient breeding methods.
( Enciso-Rodriguez et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan State University, USA

Manipulation of self-incompatibility.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Aarhus University
DLF Seeds A/S, Denmark

Early heading: in regions with short growing seasons, early maturing varieties to escape frost damage are required.
(Sohail et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Zhejiang A&
F University, China
Mir Chakar Khan Rind University
Agriculture Research System Khyber, Pakistan
Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh
Agriculture Research Center, Egypt

Haploid induction.
( Li et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Longping Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., China

Reduced lignin content and S (syringyl lignin)/G (guaiacyl lignin) (S/G) ratio alteration to reduce cell wall recalcitrance and improve bioethanol production. Lignin is a major component of secondary cell walls and contributes to the recalcitrance problem during fermentation.
( Park et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
BioEnergy Science Center
University of Tennessee, USA

New red-grained and pre-harvest sprouting (PHS)-resistant wheat varieties with elite agronomic traits. PHS reduces yield and grain quality, additionally the red pigment of the grain coat contains proanthocyanidins, which have antioxidant activity and thus health-promoting properties.
( Zhu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Henan University
Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan university
Taiyuan University of Technology
Southern University of Science and Technology, China
University of Edinburgh, UK

Confer male sterility for hybrid seed production. Male sterility is an important trait, especially for self-pollinated crops such as rice.
( Ma et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Asexual propagation trough seeds. Induction of apomeiosis, mitosis instead of meiosis. This proces leads to the production of genetically identical seeds, serving many applications in plant breeding.
( Khanday et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
Iowa State University, USA
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Generation of male sterile (MS) lines. MS is a useful tool to harness hybrid vigor for hybrid seed production.
( Chen et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Rescued hybrid female fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Guo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
South China Agricultural University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Science and Technology
Beijing, China
Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd, China

Enhanced haploid induction. Double haploid breeding based on in vivo haploid induction has been extensively used in maize breeding. The production of haploids depends on haploid inducers.
( Zhong et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Enhanced genetic recombination frequency to increase genetic diversity and disrupting genetic interference.
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, China

Fertility recovery of male sterility in wheat lines with excelling agronomic and economic traits for breeding purpose, as male-sterile plants cannot be used for selection.
( Tang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Modified wood composition with traits desirable for fiber pulping and lower carbon emissions. The edited wood could bring efficiencies, bioeconomic opportunities and environmental benefits.
( Sulis et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Beihua University
Northeast Forestry University, China

Enhanced biomass saccharification by altered lignin biosynthesis. The intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulose residues requires high energy input for bioethanol production.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei University of Arts &
Science
Guangxi University, China

Wine fermentation: minimize ethyl carbamate (EC) accumulation. EC is a potential carcinogen to humans. EC is mainly produced through the reaction between urea and ethanol during the Chinese wine brewing process.
(Wu et al., 2020)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangnan University
Zhejiang Shuren University, China

Male sterility and decreased total fatty acid content in the anther.
( Basnet et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China

Rescued male fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Shen et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University, China

Reversible complete male sterility. Very precise hormone mediated control of male fertility transition showed great potential for hybrid seed production in Brassica species crops.
( Cheng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Henan Normal University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Science and Technology Beijing
Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., China

Late flowering time.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
China Zhejiang Zhengjingyuan Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. &
Hangzhou Zhengcaiyuan Pharmaceutical Co., China

Bio-fuel production: Reduced lignin content and improved sugar release.
(Park et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Noble Research Institute, USA

Pollen Self-Elimination, which prevents pollen transgene dispersal.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Northwest A&
F University
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab
Henan Jinyuan Seed Industry Co., China
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico

Bioethanol production: Improved saccharification efficiency without compromising biomass yield.
(Kannan et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

University of Florida
Novozymes North America Inc, USA
Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), South Korea

Complete reproductive sterility to prevent the spread of highly domesticated, exotic or genetically modified organisms into wild populations.
( Azeez et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan Technological University, USA

Induction of haploid plants for the development of good inbred lines for efficient and fast breeding.
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Induction of haploid plants and a reduced seed set for rice breeding.
( Yao et al., 2018 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

ZhongGuanCun Life Science Park, China
Syngenta India Limited
Technology Centre
Medchal Mandal, India
Syngenta Crop Protection
LLC
Research Triangle Park, USA

Traits related to herbicide tolerance

Imazethapyr, imazapic
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Jiangsu University, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

ALS-inhibiting herbicides broad spectrum: Nicosulfuron, imazapic, pyroxsulam, flucarbazone, bispyriba
(Zhang et al., 2020)

Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Bispyribac sodium
( Kuang et al., 2020 )

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Zhejiang University, China
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway

Herbicide tolerance: glyphosate
(Hummel et al., 2017)

SDN3
CRISPR/Cas

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, USA

Imidizolinone
( Butler et al., 2016 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan State University
University of Minnesota, USA

Sulfonylurea
( Li et al., 2019 )

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Qingdao Agricultural University
Anhui Agricultural University, China

Bispyribac sodium, haloxyfop
( Xu et al., 2021 )

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Resistance to herbicides that inhibit 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), acetolactate synthase (ALS), or acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) activity.
( Qiao et al., 2022 )

China Agricultural University
Henan University, China

Herbicide tolerance: resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides.
(Wei et al., 2023)

Nankai University
China Agricultural University, China

Herbicide tolerance (ALS-targeting)
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu University, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

FCD & bipyrazone
( Lu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Qingdao Kingagroot Compounds Co. Ltd
Guizhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Strong ALS-herbicide resistance
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China

Glyphosate resistance.
( Ortega et al., 2018 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

New Mexico State University, USA

Herbicide tolerance: AHAS-inhibiting
(Gocal et al., 2015)

ODM

Cibus, Canada
Cibus, USA

Chlorsulfuron
( Li et al., 2015 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer Agricultural Biotechnology, USA

Tribenuron
( Tian et al., 2018 )

Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Herbicide resistance: acetolactate synthase (ALS)
(Jiang et al., 2020)

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Henan University, China

Resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides
( Zhu et al., 1999 )

ODM

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, USA

Imidazolinone & sulfonylurea
( Zhu et al., 1999 )

ODM

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, USA

Glyphosate
( Wang et al., 2021 )

CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Dinitroanaline
( Han et al., 2021 )

Shandong Normal University
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Glyphosate
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides.
( Wu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China

Herbicide-resistance (ALS-targeting).
( Shi et al., 2023 )

Henan Biological Breeding Center Co.
The Shennong Laboratory, China

Improved paraquat resistance in rice without obvious yield penalty.
( Lyu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China

Chlorsulfuron
( Svitashev et al., 2015 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Tribenuron methyl
( Wu et al., 2020 )

Yangzhou University
Shanghai Normal University, China

Resistance to imidazolinone herbicides.
( Zhu et al., 2000 )

ODM

Novartis Agricultural Discovery Institute
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, USA

Nicosulfuron
( Zong et al., 2018 )

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Chlorsulfuron
( Svitashev et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Glyphosate
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Dinitroanaline
( Liu et al., 2021 )

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Zhejiang University
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway

Haloxyfop-R-methyl
( Xu et al., 2020 )

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, China

Increased herbicide tolerance.
( Sun et al., 2016 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Herbicide tolerant plant.
( Liang et al., 2022 )

CRISPR/Cas

Shanxi University
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Shenzhen Polytechnic
Genovo Biotechnology Co. Ltd, China

Bispyribac sodium
( Butt et al., 2017 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Rice University, USA

Nicosulfuron, mesosulfuron, imazapic, quizalofop
( Zhang et al., 2019 )

Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Herbicide resistance.
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN2
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Bialaphos & quizalofop.
( Shukla et al., 2009 )

SDN3
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences
Sangamo BioSciences, USA

Herbicide tolerance: glyphosate
(Sauer et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cibus, USA

Imidizolinone
( Butler et al., 2016 )

SDN2
TALENs

Michigan State University
University of Minnesota, USA

Haloxyfopo-R-methyl
( Li et al., 2018 )

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Chlorsulfuron resistance.
( Huang et al., 2023 )

University of Florida, USA

Haloxyfop
( Liu et al., 2020 )

Anhui Agricultural University
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Herbicide (haloxyfop) resistance.
( Li et al., 2020 )

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Traits related to product color/flavour

Colour modification. Purple tomatoes.
( Cermak et al., 2015 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

University of Minnesota, USA
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic

Color modification due to reduced anthocyanin accumulation.
( Klimek-Chodacka et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
East Carolina University
University of Maryland, USA

Altered color of petals and leaves.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

Crop modification: albino phenotype.
(Wang et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of Pennsylvania, USA

Adjusted fruit colors and flavours such as increased glucose or fructose content.
( Jia et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangxi Agricultural University
Anhui Agricultural University
Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology
Zhejiang University
Southern University of Science and Technology, China

Improved fruit ripening and increased fruit firmness at the red ripe stage.
( Zhang et al., 2024 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Tomatoes with different fruit colors, including yellow, brown, pink, light-yellow, pink-brown, yellow-green, and light green.
( Yang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China

Alleviated browning of freshly cut potatoes.
( Shi et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shandong Agricultural University, China

Albino phenotype.
( Wang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Colour modification. Purple tomatoes.
( Cermak et al., 2015 )

SDN2
TALENs

University of Minnesota, USA
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic

Increased content of phenylacetaldehyde, sucrose and fructose, which are major contributors to flavor in many foods, including tomato.
( Li et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA
Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Germany

Fine-tuning anthocyanin content.
( Yan et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Purple color.
( Xu et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Color change of the taproot from orange to pink-orange and slightly higher content of α-carotene in the taproot.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China

Pale purple phenotype due to dramatic decrease of anthocyanins content.
( Duan et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

College of Horticulture, China

Albino phenotype.
( Syombua et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
University of Nairobi, Kenya
University of Missouri
Iowa State University
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA

Color modification: pink tomatoes.
(Yang et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China

Yellow stems and leaves.
( Sun et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University
Zhejiang University, China

Albino phenotype. Diversity in fruit color. Watermelon is an important fruit croup throughout the world.
( Tian et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement
China Agricultural University
Beijing University of Agriculture, China

Enriched aroma.
( Bian et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Peking University
Chongqing University
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Southwest University
Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, China

Reduced citrate content. Citrate is a common primary metabolite which often characterizes fruit flavour.
( Fu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China
University of Florida, USA
The New Zealand Institute for Plant &
Food Research Limited (Plant &
Food Research) Mt Albert
University of Auckland, New Zealand

Yellow colored seed.
( Huang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hunan University of Science and Technology
Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Albino phenotype.
( Huang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Forestry, China

Pink fruit color.
( Deng et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Albino phenotype.
( Brewer et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Red rice. The pigments of coloured rice contain high levels of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins which have been recognized as health-promoting nutrients.
( Zhu et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Xiamen University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minjiang University, China

Brown seed-coat color.
( Jia et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southern University of Science and Technology
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
South China Agricultural University, China
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
University of Missouri, USA

Altered ornamental quality: Increased sensitivity to low temperature, thus affecting leaf margin coloration.
(Zhou et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province
Dalian Minzu University
Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, China

Albino phenotype
( Fan et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southwest University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Fruit coloration. Fruit color affects consumer preference and is one of the breeding objectives of great interests. For example, white-fruited cultivars are sold at a much higher price than red-fruited cultivars.
( Gao et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of Maryland, USA

Fine-tuned anthocyanin biosynthesis.
( )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Forestry University, Horticultural Sub-academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Wonsan University of Agriculture, South Korea

Traits related to storage performance

Delayed fruit ripening.
( Lang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Repressed fruit ripening by repressing ethylene production and lycopene accumulation.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Delayed fruit inner ripening.
( Ao et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Improved shelf life.
( Yu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, China

Delayed colour change of fruits.
( Li et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Gansu Agricultural University
Guangxi University
Yangtze University, China

Altering tomato fruit ripening and softening, key traits for fleshy fruit. During ripening, fruit will gradually soften which is largely the result of fruit cell wall degradation. Softening may improve the edible quality of fruit but also reduces fruit resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. Fruit softening can cause mechanical damage during storage and transportation as well, which can reduce the storage and shelf life, leading to fruit loss.
( Gao et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
South China Agricultural University
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Zhejiang University
Beijing University of Agriculture, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Improved shelf-life by targeting the genes modulating pectin degradation in ripening tomato.
( Wang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of London
University of Leicester
University of Nottingham
University of Leeds, UK
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA

Improved fruit firmness which extends the shelf life.
( Yuan et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan University, China

Increased shelf-life. Banana fruit has a high economic importance but will ripen and decay in one week after exogenous ethylene induction. Fast ripening limits its storage, transportation and marketing.
( Hu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China

Improved seed storability. Deterioration of rice grain reduces the quality of rice, resulting in serious economic losses for farmers.
( Ma et al., 2015 )

SDN1
TALENs

China Agricultural University, China

High vigor and improved storage tolerance of seeds.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Decreased postharvest water loss with a 17–30% increase in wax accumulation.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Improved cold storage and processing traits: reduced levels of acrylamide, reduced sugars.
(Clasen et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

Cellectis Plant Science, USA

Delayed fruit ripening.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China
University of Connecticut, USA

Increased seed longevity. Maintaining seed longevity and preventing the decline of quality during long-term storage is a universal problem.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, China

Improved shelf-life with improved or not affected sugar: acid ratio, aroma volatiles, and skin color.
(Ortega-Salazar et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California, USA
Zhejiang Normal University, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Controlling the rate of fruit softening to extend shelf life.
( Uluisik et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nottingham
Royal Holloway University of London
Heygates Ltd
Syngenta Seeds
Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
Syngenta Crop Protection
University of California
Cornell University
Skidmore College, USA

Traits categories

Genome Editing Technique

Countries

Plant

Sdn Type

Traits related to biotic stress tolerance

Traits related to abiotic stress tolerance

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Traits related to increased plant yield and growth

Traits related to industrial utilization

Traits related to herbicide tolerance

Traits related to product color/flavour

Traits related to storage performance