genome search | EU-SAGE

Genome-editing techniques are promising tools in plant breeding. To facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the use of genome editing, EU-SAGE developed an interactive, publicly accessible online database of genome-edited crop plants as described in peer-reviewed scientific publications.
The aim of the database is to inform interested stakeholder communities in a transparent manner about the latest evidence about the use of genome editing in crop plants. Different elements including the plant species, traits, techniques, and applications can be filtered in this database.
Regarding the methodology, a literature search in the bibliographic databases and web pages of governmental agencies was conducted using predefined queries in English. Identifying research articles in other languages was not possible due to language barriers. Patents were not screened.
Peer-reviewed articles were screened for relevance and were included in the database based on pre-defined criteria. The main criterium is that the research article should describe a research study of any crop plant in which a trait has been introduced that is relevant from an agricultural and/or food/feed perspective. The database does neither give information on the stage of development of the crop plant, nor on the existence of the intention to develop the described crop plants to be marketed.
This database will be regularly updated. Please contact us via the following webpage in case you would like to inform us about a new scientific study of crops developed for market-oriented agricultural production as a result of genome editing

Displaying 117 results

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Low amylose content to improve the rice eating quality.
( Mao et al., 2022 )

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, China

Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Normal University, China

Fragrant glutinous hybrid rice.
( Tian et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Waxy rice which lacks amylose. Waxy rice is regarded as a high-quality rice variant, also known as glutinous rice. Due to the unique properties of waxy rice starch, it is extensively used in the chemical industry, medicine, and daily human life.
( Fu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
Meishan Dongpo District Agricultural and Rural Bureau, China

Increased contents of GABA, protein, crude fat, and various mineral contents. GABA-rich rice varieties can promote human nutrition, and ensure health.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China

Increased amylose content in the seeds, thus a lower Glycemic Index (GI) value. Low GI rice is preferred to avoid a sudden rise in glucose in the bloodstream. Starch with a high GI threatens healthy individuals to get diabetes type II and proves extremely harmful for existing diabetes type II patients.
( Jameel et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jamia Millia Islamia
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Enriched levels of Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA lowers blood pressure, has anti-aging effects, and activates the liver and kidney.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Low glutelin content in the rice germplasm: patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) need to eat rice with low glutelin content.
(Chen et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Henan Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Reduction of phytic acid (PA) in seeds. PA has adverse effects on essential mineral absorption and thus is considered as an anti-nutritive for monogastric animals.
( Khan et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China

Improved grain quality. The amylose content, gel consistency and pasting viscosity of grain starches are influencing the grain appearance, cooking/eating quality and starch physical characters.
( Zeng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture
South China Agricultural University, China

Improved quality by reduced grain protein content (GPC). High GPC is negatively correlated between protein content and peak viscosity and breakdown value. High GPC is also positively correlated to protein content and hardness.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China

Facilitated Isoproturon Metabolism and Detoxification: Improved growth, the Isoproturon (IPU)-induced cellular damage was attenuated, and IPU accumulation was significantly repressed
(Zhai et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Production of opaque seeds with depleted starch reserves. Reduced starch content and increased amylose content. Accumulation of multiple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids and phytosterols.
( Baysal et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center
Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain
Royal Holloway University of London, UK

Increased carotenoid, lycopene, and β-carotene.
( Hunziker et al., 2020 )

University of Tsukuba
Kobe University
Institute of Vegetable and Floricultural Science
NARO, Japan

Increased gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation by 7 to 15 fold while having variable effects on plant and fruit size and yield. GABA is a nonproteogenic amino acid and has health-promoting functions.
( Nonaka et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Tsukuba, Japan

Increased gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA): 1.34-fold to 3.50-fold increase in GABA accumulation. GABA is a nonprotegeonomic amino acid with health-promoting functions.
(Li et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Increased NH4+ and PO43− uptake, and photosynthetic activity under high CO2 conditions in rice. Largely increased panicle weight. Improved grain appearance quality or a decrease in the number of chalky grains.
( Iwamoto et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan

Increased RS. Cereals high in RS may be beneficial to improve human health and reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases.
( Biswas et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M Univ.
Avance Biosciences Inc., USA

Reduced Cd accumulation.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China

Carotenoid-enriched. Carotenoids, the source of pro vitamin A, are an essential component of dietary antioxidants.
( Dong et al., 2020 )

SDN3
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
The Joint Bioenergy Institute, USA

Enhanced soluble sugar content in tomato fruit. Soluble sugar improves the sweetness and increases tomato sauce yield.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xinjiang Agricultural University, China

Increased sugar content without decreased fruit weight. Sugar content is one of the most important quality traits of tomato.
( Kawaguchi et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nagoya University
Kobe University
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
University of Tsukuba, Japan

High fruit malate accumulation. Malate is a primary organic acid in tomato and a crucial compound that contributes to fruit flavor and palatability.
( Ye et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Cornell University, USA

Fragrant rice. Introduction of aroma into any non-aromatic rice varieties.
( Ashokkumar et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India

Increased lysophospholipid content and enhanced cooking and eating quality. Lysophospholipid (LPL) is derived from the hydrolysis of phospholipids and plays an important role in rice grain quality.
( Khan et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China

Increased carotene accumulation in rice endosperm.
( Shao et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, China

Biofortification: Enhanced Zinc and Manganese tolerance and increased Zinc and Manganese accumulation in rice grains.
(Qiao et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenzhen University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Aromatic three-line hybrid.
( Hui et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Increased grain amylose content. Improving grain quality is one of the most important goals in rice breeding. Contribute to the breeding of rice cultivars with better eating and cooking quality, as cooking and eating quality is determined from amylose content.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
China National Seed Group Co., China

Important metabolic changes affecting tomato fruit quality. Reduced contents of the anti-nutrient oxalic acid.
( Gago et al., 2017 )

SDN1
ZFN

University of Algarve, Portugal
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
Technological Educational Institution of Crete, Greece

High gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. GABA plays a key role in plant stress responses, growth, development and as a nutritional component of grain can also reduce the likelihood of hypertension and diabetes. Increased amino acid content. Higher seed weight and seed protein content.
( Akama et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shimane University
Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Yokohama City University, Japan

Increased flavonoid content, functioning as allelochemicals and insect deterrents.
( Lam et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shenzhen
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Forestry University, China
Kyoto University, Japan

Low Cadmium (Cd) accumulating. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to virtually all living organisms, including plants.
( Songmei et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry
Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased grain weight and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased.
( Guo et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Increased tolerance to the heavy metal Cadmium.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Agricultural Ministry of China, China

Imrpoved rice eating and cooking quality with down-regulated rice grain protein content, which is negatively regulated to ECQ.
( Yang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Improved aleurone layer with enhanced grain protein content. Improved grain nutritional quality by improved accumulation of essential dietary minerals (Fe, Zn, K, P, Ca) in the endosperm of rice grain. Improved root and shoot architecture.
( Achary et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India

Generation of a new glutinous Photothermosensitive Genic-Male-Sterile (PTGMS) line with a low amylose content. PTMGS line combines high-quality and high-light-efficiency use, disease and stress resistance.
( Teng et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Reduction of amylose content (AC). AC is the predominant factor determining rice eating and cooking quality.
( He et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northeast Agricultural University, China

Reduction in cadmium accumulation. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health. Cadmium accumulation represents a severe threat to people consuming rice as a staple food.
( Yang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

High-quality sugar production by rice (98% sucrose content). Carbohydrates are an essential energy-source. Sugarcane and sugar beet were the only two crop plants used to produce sugar.
( Honma et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Faculty of Engineering
Kitami Institute of Technology
NagoyaUniversity
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
Carnegie Institution for Science, USA

Reduce malnutrition by decreasing antinutrient phytic acid (PA) and increasing Iron and Zinc accumulation. PA has adverse effects on essential mineral absorption and thus is considered as an anti-nutritive for monogastric animals.
( Ibrahim et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
National Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan

Production of high amylose and resistant starch rice. Starch accounts for 80 to 90% of the total mass of rice seeds and is low in resistant starch (RS), which is beneficial in preventing various diseases. Starch with high amylose content (AC) and RS have a lower GI value. Foods with low GI value have beneficial effects on glycemic control.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Chiayi University
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch, Taiwan

Fragrance by accumulation of the natural aroma substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Fragrance is one of the most important rice quality traits, with 2AP being the major contributor to aroma.
( Tang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Improved amylose levels to influence grain eating and cooking quality (ECQ).
( Huang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Parthenocarpy: seedless tomato. Industrial purposes and direct eating quality.
(Klap et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agricultural Research Organization, Israel

Seedless tomatoes for industrial purposes and direct eating quality.
( Ueta et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tokushima University, Japan

Increased gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. GABA is a nonproteogenic amino acid with health-promoting functions.
( Lee et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Increased lycopene content. Lycopene plays a role in treating chronic diseases and lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Enhanced contents of lycopene, phytoene, prolycopene, a-carotene, and lutein.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Decreased amylose content without affecting other desirable agronomic traits.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University
University of Queensland, USA

Fragrant rice.
( Shan et al., 2015 )

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased amylose content. Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits and reduce risks of diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and certain colon and rectum cancers.
( Sun et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA
University of Liege, Belgium

Reduced arsenic content, a highly toxic metalloid harming human health. Inorganic Arsenic is listed as a carcinogen.
( Ye et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Altered fatty acid composition. High oleic/low linoleic acid rice. Oleic acid has potential health benefits and helps decrease lifestyle disease.
( Abe et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan

Reduced cesium content. The production of radiocesium in food in contaminated soils is a serious health concern.
( Nieves-Cordones et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Université Montpellier, France

Reduced cadmium content. Cadmium poses a health treath, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms.
( Tang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Normal University, China

Carotenoid accumulation to solve the problem of vitamin A deficiency that is prevalent in developing countries.
( Endo et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Ishikawa Prefectural University, Japan

Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Xu et al., 2021 )

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Increased sugar and amino acid content leading to improved fruit quality.
( Nguyen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Food Industries Research Institute, Vietnam
University of Missouri, USA

Fragrant rice by introducing aroma into non-aromatic rice varieties. The genome edited fragrant rice was then used as starting material for molecular breeding to introduce both fragrance and high anthocyanin levels in rice.
( Shi et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS)
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, China

Lowered amylose content and viscosity, risen gel consistency and gelatinization temperature values, all resulting in improved eating and cooking quality.
( Song et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu University
Institute of Food Crops
Yangzhou University, China

Large parthenocarpic fruits. Parthenocarpy, also known as seedless fruits, is preferred by consumers and it ensures consistent fruit yield in variable environmental conditions.
( Hu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Duke University, USA

Reduced grain chalkiness.
( Gann et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cell and Molecular Biology Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA

Reduced levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organic pollutants which have great ecological and health risks, in the edible parts.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, China

Decreased cadmium accumulation in rice grain, while leaving important agronomic traits including yield, unaffected. Cadmium poses a health threat, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms
( Luo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
China National Rice Research Institute
Southern University of Science and Technology, China

Rice grain with a reduced amino acid and total protein content without affecting the agronomic traits of the plant. Additionally, the grain showed improved cooking and eating quality.
( Yang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Increased flavonoid content. Flavonoids play a role in fruit colour and are important for human health as favourable hydrophilic antioxidants.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Highly specific detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereal samples. OTA is classified as a Class 2B carcinogens. The method can be flexibly customized to detect a wide range of small molecular targets and holds great promise as a versatile sensing kit with applications in various fields requiring sensitive and specific detection of diverse analytes.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ningbo University
Hainan University
Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, China
University of New South Wales, Australia

High amylose content. High-amylose starches are digested slowly which could provide increased satiety and reduced risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
( Kim et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kyungpook National University
National Institute of Crop Science, South Korea

Reduced arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grain. Inorganic As is a carcinogen and decreasing the accumulation would improve the food safety of rice.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Slender grains in bold grain varieties.
( Shanthinie et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India

Improvement of of functional compounds in tomato fruit, which satisfies the antioxidant properties requirements.
( Kim et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hankyong National University
Chungbuk National University, South Korea

Traits related to industrial utilization

Early heading: in regions with short growing seasons, early maturing varieties to escape frost damage are required.
(Sohail et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Zhejiang A&
F University, China
Mir Chakar Khan Rind University
Agriculture Research System Khyber, Pakistan
Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh
Agriculture Research Center, Egypt

Early heading: timing of heading is crucial for the reproduction and the geographical expansion of cultivation of rice.
(Sun et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enabled clonal reproduction trough seeds. Application of the method may enable self-propagation of a broad range of elite F1 hybrid crops.
( Wang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Late flowering time.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
China Zhejiang Zhengjingyuan Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. &
Hangzhou Zhengcaiyuan Pharmaceutical Co., China

Accelerated abscission. Plant organ abscission is a process important for development and reproductive success,
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, China
University of California at Davis
Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, USA

Male sterility: mutants did not produce pollen and induced a parthenocarpic fruit set.
(Gökdemir et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ondokuz Mayıs University
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Turkey

Enhanced biological nitrogen fixation to reduce the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Enhanced biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria by modified root microbiome structure.
( Yan et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Bayer Crop Science, USA

Enhanced genetic recombination frequency to increase genetic diversity and disrupting genetic interference.
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Thermosensitive genic male sterile lines with high blast resistance and fragrance quality. Resources for hybrid rice breeding.
( Liang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Parthenocarpy: seedless tomatoes
(Nieves-Cordones et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Spain

Regulation of flowering time and drought tolerance: flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier.
(Gu et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Bao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Agricultural University
Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China

Generating male sterility lines (MLS) and enhanced tolerance against drought stress. Using MLS in hybrid seed production reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Secgin et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ondokuz Mayıs University
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt

Wine fermentation: minimize ethyl carbamate (EC) accumulation. EC is a potential carcinogen to humans. EC is mainly produced through the reaction between urea and ethanol during the Chinese wine brewing process.
(Wu et al., 2020)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangnan University
Zhejiang Shuren University, China

Generating male sterility lines (MSL). MS is the absence or non-function of pollen grain in plant or incapability of plants to produce or release functional pollen grains. Using MS lines eliminates the process of mechanical emasculation in hybrid seed production.
( Zou et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Jointless tomatoes. Pedicel abscission is an important agronomic factor that controls yield and post-harvest fruit quality. In tomato, floral stems that remain attached to harvested fruits during picking mechanically damage the fruits during transportation, decreasing the fruit quality for fresh-market tomatoes and the pulp quality for processing tomatoes.
( Roldan et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), France
University of Liège, Belgium

Rescued male fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Shen et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University, China

Early maturity of rice varieties. Rice is a tropical short-day plant. The northward cultivation in China is accompanied with daylength extension and temperature decrease, which are unfavorable for rice, to complete flowering and seed setting.
( Li et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Restoring cytoplasmic sterility.
( Kazama et al., 2019 )

SDN2
TALENs

Tohoku University
Tamagawa University
The University of Tokyo
National Institute of Genetics
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tamagawa University
Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan

Hairy root transformation. Hairy roots play a role in multiple processes, ranging from recombinant protein production and metabolic engineering to analyses of rhizosphere physiology and biochemistry.
( Ron et al., 2014 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Emory University, USA
University of Cambridge, UK

Male sterility for hybrid seed production reduces costs and ensures high varietal purity.
( Du et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hankyong National University
Hanyang University
Sunchon National University
Chungbuk National University
Tomato Research Center, South Korea

Increasing cross over frequency. Cross over formation during meiosis is essential for crop breeding to introduce favourable alleles controlling important traits from wild relatives into crops.
( de Maagd et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wageningen University &
Research, The Netherlands

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Xi’an Jinpeng Seedlings Co. Ltd.
Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, China

Confer male sterility for hybrid seed production. Male sterility is an important trait, especially for self-pollinated crops such as rice.
( Ma et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Generation of a new thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line for hybrid breeding of indica rice.
( Barman et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh

Fertility restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility.
( Suketomo et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tohoku University, Japan

Male sterility and decreased total fatty acid content in the anther.
( Basnet et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China

Domestication: Conferred domesticated phenotypes yet retained parental disease resistance (predominately Xanthomonas perforans), and salt tolerance.
(Li et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile lines to accelerate hybrid rice breeding.
( Zhou et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University
China National Hybrid Rice R&
D Center, China

Induction of haploid plants and a reduced seed set for rice breeding.
( Yao et al., 2018 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

ZhongGuanCun Life Science Park, China
Syngenta India Limited
Technology Centre
Medchal Mandal, India
Syngenta Crop Protection
LLC
Research Triangle Park, USA

Asexual propagation trough seeds. Induction of apomeiosis, mitosis instead of meiosis. This proces leads to the production of genetically identical seeds, serving many applications in plant breeding.
( Khanday et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
Iowa State University, USA
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Genetic variability. The genetically reprogrammed rice plants can act as donor lines to stabilize important agronomic traits or can be a potential resource to create more segregating population.
( K et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Agricultural Sciences
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, India

Creation of photoperiod-/thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (P/TGMS) lines, important for commercial rice breeding. P/TGMS rice lines are useful germplasm resources for two-line hybrid breeding.
( Lan et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Li et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences
School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences
Peking University
Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement,China

Removal of methyl iodide emissions. The release of methyl iodide in the athmospere causes ozone depletion and thus represents an important environmental threat.
( Carlessi et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

PlantLab
Institute of Life Sciences
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
University of Pisa
University of Milan, Italy

Enhanced biomass saccharification by altered lignin biosynthesis. The intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulose residues requires high energy input for bioethanol production.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei University of Arts &
Science
Guangxi University, China

Prolonged basic vegetative growth periods for flexible cropping systems in southern China, as well as in other low-latitude regions. Most of the mid-latitude varities were sensitive to temperature or photoperiod, resulting in low grain yield when cultivated in low-latitude regions.
( Wu et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minjiang University, China

Production of herbicide-sensitive strain to prevent volunteer infestation. Volunteer rice grows when cultivated rice seed fall into fields, overwinter and spontaneously germinate the next spring.
( Komatsu et al., 2020 )

Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
Graduate School of Science
Technology and Innovation, Japan

Rescued hybrid female fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Guo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
South China Agricultural University, China

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production reduces costs and ensures high seed purity during hybrid seed production.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Enhanced biomass saccharification by remodelling of cell wall composition.
( Dang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China

Higher haploid induction rate. Haploid induction allows formation of doubled haploids, which can be used to rapidly fix genetic information.
( Jang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chonnam National University
Pusan National University
Kyung Hee University, South Korea

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Science and Technology Beijing
Yili Normal University
Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences
Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., China

Dwarf plants that retain favourable fruit traits.
( Nagamine et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Tsukuba, Japan

Traits categories

Genome Editing Technique

Countries

Plant

Sdn Type

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Traits related to industrial utilization