genome search | EU-SAGE

Genome-editing techniques are promising tools in plant breeding. To facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the use of genome editing, EU-SAGE developed an interactive, publicly accessible online database of genome-edited crop plants as described in peer-reviewed scientific publications.
The aim of the database is to inform interested stakeholder communities in a transparent manner about the latest evidence about the use of genome editing in crop plants. Different elements including the plant species, traits, techniques, and applications can be filtered in this database.
Regarding the methodology, a literature search in the bibliographic databases and web pages of governmental agencies was conducted using predefined queries in English. Identifying research articles in other languages was not possible due to language barriers. Patents were not screened.
Peer-reviewed articles were screened for relevance and were included in the database based on pre-defined criteria. The main criterium is that the research article should describe a research study of any crop plant in which a trait has been introduced that is relevant from an agricultural and/or food/feed perspective. The database does neither give information on the stage of development of the crop plant, nor on the existence of the intention to develop the described crop plants to be marketed.
This database will be regularly updated. Please contact us via the following webpage in case you would like to inform us about a new scientific study of crops developed for market-oriented agricultural production as a result of genome editing

Displaying 213 results

Traits related to biotic stress tolerance

Enhanced resistance to downy mildew pathogen.
( Hasley et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

Viral resistance: Attenuated infection symptoms and reduced viral RNA accumulation, specific for the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
(Zhang et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China
University of Missouri, USA

Nematode resistance: resistance against soybean cyst nematode. Plant-parasitic nematode pests result in billions of dollars in realized annual losses worldwide.
(Usovsky et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Missouri
University of Georgia
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USA

Bacterial resistance: resistance against bacterial spot disease, caused by Xanthomonas species, which could be a devastating to tomato as well as pepper.
(Ortega et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
University of Florida, USA

Viral resistance: increased control on viral pathogen Banana streak virus (BSV). The BSV integrates in the banana host genome as endogenous BSV (eBSV). When banana plants are stressed, the eBSV produces infectious viral particles and thus the plant develops disease symptoms.
(Tripathi et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya
University of California, USA

Enhanced resistance to insects, no serotonin production and higher salicylic acid levels. Rice brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) and striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) are the two most serious pests in rice production.
( Lu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Ltd.
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, China
Newcastle University, UK

Viral resistance: increased resistance to infection with the potato virus Y (PVY) and tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. PVY is one of the most economically important potato pathogens
(Makhotenko et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Russia Moscow State University, Russia
Doka Gene Technologies Ltd, USA

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), a major fungal disease, threatening one of the most economically valuable horticular crops.
(Wan et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture, China
Northwest A&
F University
University of Maryland College Park, USA

Bacterial resistance: Xanthomonas citri, causing citrus canker, one of the most serious diseases affecting the global citrus industry. Citrus is the most produced fruit in the world.
(Jia et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Viral resistance: increased resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).
(Jogam et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kakatiya University
Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), India
University of Minnesota
East Carolina University, USA

Fungal resistance: improved resistance to necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea.
(Jeon et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Stanford University, UK
L’Oreal, France
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA

Oomycete resistance: significantly reduced susceptibility to downy mildew disease (DM). DM is caused by Peronospora belbahrii, a worldwide threat to the basil industry.
(Zhang et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The State University of New Jersey, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Li et al., 2012)

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Pospiviroids detection method. Pospiviroids are a major production constraint.
( Zhai et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Washington State University
USDA-ARS, USA

Resistance to parasitic weed: Phelipanche aegyptiaca. The obligate root parasitic plant causes great damages to important crops and represents one of the most destructive and greatest challenges for the agricultural economy.
(Bari et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Newe Ya’ar Research Center,
Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Israel
University of California, USA

Rapid and on-site detection of the mycotoxin zearalenone.
( Pei et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
Anhui Agricultural University
China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, China
Queen'
s University Belfast, UK

Viral resistance: enhanced resistance against chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV). The range of symptoms caused by CpCDV varies from mosaic pattern to streaks to leaf curling and can include browning of the collar region and stunting, foliar chlorosis and necrosis.
(Munir Malik et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of the Punjab
University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Washington State University, USA

Viral resistance: reduced cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) symptom severity and incidence. CBSD threatens cassava production in West Africa and is a major constraint on cassava production in East and Central Africa.
(Gomez et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA

Effective detection of a resistance-breaking strain of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). TSWV causes a great threat to various food crops globally and can cause devastating epidemics.
( Shymanovich et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University, USA

Fungal resistance: resistance to Oidium neolycopersici, causing powdery mildew.
(Nekrasov et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Germany
Norwich Research Park, UK

Resistance to parasitic weed: Striga spp. The parasitic plant reduces yields of cereal crops worldwide.
(Hao et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Pennsylvania State University, USA
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Senegal
Kenyatta University, Kenya

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens M. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (but increased susceptibility to Cochliobolus miyabeanus)
(Kim et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Seoul National University
Kyung Hee University, South Korea
Pennsylvania State University, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zhou et al., 2015)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Iowa State University, USA

Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance to powdery mildew, a fungal disease causing great losses in soybean yield and seed quality.
(Bui et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Biotechnology
University of Science and Technology of Hanoi
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Science, Vietnam
Washington University in St. Louis
University of Missouri, USA

Bacterial resistance: resistance to different pathogens including Xanthomonas spp., P. syringae and P. capsici.
(de Toledo Thomazella et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California, USA

Broad-spectrum disease resistance without yield loss.
( Sha et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Chengdu Normal University
Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Anhui Agricultural University
BGI-Shenzhen
Northwest A&
F University
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université de Bordeaux, France
University of California
The Joint BioEnergy Institute, USA
University of Adelaide, Australia

Bacterial resistance: improved resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, which causes bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Oliva et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Rice Research Institute, Philippines
University of Missouri
University of Florida
Iowa State University
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
Université Montpellier, France
Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Nagoya University, Japan

Visualization of the early stages of Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) infection in vivo. CBB is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis.
( Veley et al., 2021 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
National Root Crops Research Institute, Nigeria

Fungal resistance: increased resistance against powdery mildew, a destructive disease that threatens cucumber production globally.
(Dong et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California Davis, USA
Wageningen University &
Research, The Netherlands

Bacterial resistance: Resistance against African Xanthomonas oryzae isolates, causing agents of bacterial blight. Bacterial blight threatens rice populations in Asia and West Africa.
(Li et al., 2024)

University of Missouri
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
Department of Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: enhanced Potato virus Y (PVY) resistance. PVY infection can result in up to 70% yield loss globally.
(Le et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
University of Edinburgh, UK

Viral resistance: Reduced viral load and symptoms after bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) infection.
(Baltes et al., 2015)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Minnesota
The Ohio State University, USA
Institute of Biophysics ASCR, Czech Republic

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Shan et al., 2013)

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
University of Minnesota, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Li et al., 2013)

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA
Guangxi University, China

Viral resistance: increased resistance to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV).
(Lee et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rural Development Administration
Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, South Korea
North Carolina State University, USA

Fungal resistance: increased resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph Bipolaris maydis). SLB is a major foliar disease which causes significant yield losses in maize worldwide.
(Chen et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University, China
Corteva AgriscienceTM
USDA-ARS
North Carolina State University, USA

Fungal resistance: increased resistance to Phytophthora tropicalis. Severe outbreaks can destroy all cacao fruit on a farm. Each year, global cacao production is destroyed with 20-30% by pathogens.
(Fister et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Pennsylvania State University, USA

Fungal resistance: Decreased susceptibility against sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AGI-1A and is one of the three major rice diseases. Sheath blight disease can cause severe yield losses.
(Zhao et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hebei Agricultural University
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China
The Ohio State University, USA

Mutants were compromised in infectivity of Phytophthora palmivora, a destructive oomycete plant pathogen with a wide host range
( Pettongkhao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
University of Hawaii at Manoa
East-West Center, USA
Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), UK

Fungal resistance: Reduced pathogenicity to the oomycete Phytophthora palmivora, a destructive pathogen that infects all parts of papaya plants. Increased papain sensitvity of in-vitro growth. Papaya fruits contain papain, a cysteine protease that mediates plant defense against pathogens and insects.
(Gumtow et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

Bacterial resistance: Xanthomonas citri, causing citrus canker, one of the most serious diseases affecting the global citrus industry.
(Jia et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Fungal resistance: broad-spectrum stress tolerance including Pseudoperonospora cubernsis (P. cubensis) resistance. P. cubensis is the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, responsible for devastating losses worldwide of cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash.
(Dong et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA

Bacterial resistance: resistance to Xanthomonas citri, a pathogen causing citrus canker. Citrus canker is one of the most devastating citrus diseases worldwide, causing canker symptoms. Generating disease-resistant varieties is one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly measures for controlling canker.
(Jia et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida
Citrus Research and Education Center, USA

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance against Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which causes significant economic losses globally.
(Ramasamy et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M AgriLife Research and Extension Center
Texas A&
M University
Texas A&
M AgriLife, USA

Fungal resistance: Resistance against the blast fungus Mangaporthe oryzae.
(Bundó et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científcas (CSIC), Spain
Academia Sinica No 128, Taiwan

Viral resistance: increased resistance to chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV).
(Malik et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of the Punjab
University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Washington State University, USA

Traits related to abiotic stress tolerance

Increased tolerance to salinity stress. Development of lines with reduced inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) content may enhance phosphate and mineral bioavailability. ICP6 is a major storage form of phosphate in cereal grains.
( Vicko et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic

Reduced stomatal density. Intrinsic water-use efficiency was significantly impacted under both well-watered and drought conditions, making reduced stomatal density as a preferable trait.
( Clemens et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
San Diego State University, USA

Modulate aluminium resistance. Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main factor inhibiting plant root development and reducing crops yield in acidic soils.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
China Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Increased root length, which can restore good performance under water stress.
( Gabay et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
University of Haifa, Israel
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Argentina
Fudan University
China Agricultural University, China
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden

Enhanced salt tolerance.
( Ly et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam

Drought and salt tolerance.
( Curtin et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Minnesota, USA
The University of Newcastle, Australia

Broad-spectrum stress tolerance: enhanced low temperature, salinity, Pseudoperonospora cubensis and water-deficit tolerance.
(Dong et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA

Tolerance to salt stress.
( Tran et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Gyeongsang National University, South Korea
College of Agriculture
Bac Lieu University, Vietnam

Increased drought tolerance.
( Abdallah et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cairo University, Egypt
Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, USA

Drought tolerance.
( Kim D et al,. 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Montana State University, USA

Improved salinity tolerance.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Taiwan University, Taiwan
University of North Carolina, USA

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Lowering phytate synthesis in seeds. Phytate is an anti-nutritient.
( Vlčko and Ohnoutková, 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic

Production of opaque seeds with depleted starch reserves. Reduced starch content and increased amylose content. Accumulation of multiple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids and phytosterols.
( Baysal et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center
Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain
Royal Holloway University of London, UK

Increased sucrose content.
( Ren et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement
Capital Normal University
China Agricultural University, China
Cornell University
Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USA

Decreases in palmitic acid, increased total C18 and reduced total saturated fatty acid contents. Reduced saturated fat content is connected to lowered cardiovascular disease rate.
( Gupta et al., 2012 )

SDN1
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences
Sangamo BioSciences, USA

High levels of beta-carotene accumulation.
( Lu et al., 2006 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cornell University
University of Minnesota, USA

Ultra-low nicotine level
( Burner et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University, USA

Reduced content of trypsin inhibitors, one of the most abundant anti-nutritional factors in soybean seeds. Reduction of trypsin inhibitors leads to improved. digestibility of soybean meal.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Virginia Tech, USA

Enhancing the accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, essential components of a healthy, balanced diet.
( Han et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rothamsted Research, UK
Montana State University, USA

Altered lignin composition: decreased syringyl monolignol / guaiacylmonolignol (S/G) ratio. The monolignol ratio has been proposed to affect biomass recalcitrance and the resistance to plant disease.
(Cao et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

SouthwestUniversity, China
University of Wisconsin, USA

Reduced raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) levels in seeds. Human and other monogastric animals cannot digest major soluble carbohydrates, RFOs.
( Le et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
University of Missouri, USA
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
Germany

Increased iron content in potato plants. Iron is an essential micronutrient.
( Chauhan et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Panjab University
Panjab University
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, India
University of Minnesota, USA

Production of high amylose and resistant starch rice. Starch accounts for 80 to 90% of the total mass of rice seeds and is low in resistant starch (RS), which is beneficial in preventing various diseases. Starch with high amylose content (AC) and RS have a lower GI value. Foods with low GI value have beneficial effects on glycemic control.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Chiayi University
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch, Taiwan

High-oleic acid content. Oleic acid has increased oxidative stability compared to linolenic and linoleic acid, improving fuel stability and the oil's suitability for high-temperature food applications, for example frying.
( Jarvis et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Illinois State University
University of North Texas
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA

High fruit malate accumulation. Malate is a primary organic acid in tomato and a crucial compound that contributes to fruit flavor and palatability.
( Ye et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Cornell University, USA

Reduced accumulation of free asparagine, the precursor for acrylamide. Acrylamide is a contaminant which forms during the baking, toasting and high-temperature processing of foods made from wheat.
( Raffan et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rothamsted Research
University of Bristol, UK

Lower oil content and altered fatty acid composition. Most commercially produced oil seeds synthesize only a relatively small range of fatty acids, offering limited functionality.
( Aznar-Moreno et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kansas State University, USA

Increased lysine content with recovered kernel hardness. Lysine is considered of great nutritional importance in animal feeds and human foods.
( Hurst et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Center for Plant Science Innovation
University of Missouri-Columbia, USA

Reduced gluten content. Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered in genetically predisposed individuals by the ingestion of gluten proteins.
( Sánchez-León,et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IASCSIC), Spain
University of Minnesota, USA

Improved seed protein content.
( Shen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Corteva Agriscience
University of Arizona, USA

Changing grain composition: decrease in the prolamines, an increase in the glutenins, increased starch content, amylose content, and β-glucan content. The protein matrix surrounding the starch granules was increased.
(Yang et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Norwich Research Park, UK
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Increased digestibility and protein quality. Reduced kafirin levels. Kafirins are the major storage proteins in sorghum grains and form protein bodies with poor digestibility. Kafirins are devoid of the essential amino acid lysine, they also impart poor protein quality to the kernel.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska
University of Missouri, USA

High oleic, low linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid phenotype. High concentration of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids causes oxidative instability.
( Do et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Missouri, USA
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam

Reduced phytate production + herbicide tolerance. Generation of a dual phenotype through targeted manipulation of a single locus.
( Shukla et al., 2009 )

SDN3
ZFN

Dow AgroScience, USA

Carotenoid-enriched. Carotenoids, the source of pro vitamin A, are an essential component of dietary antioxidants.
( Dong et al., 2020 )

SDN3
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
The Joint Bioenergy Institute, USA

Reduce allergen proteins. Structural and metabolic proteins, like α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors are involved in the onset of wheat allergies (bakers' asthma) and probably Non-Coeliac Wheat Sensitivity (NCWS).
( Camerlengo et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Tuscia, Italy
Rothamsted Research, UK
Impasse Thérèse Bertrand-Fontaine, France

Increased levels of oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Camelina is a low-input oilseed crop. It is necessary to ameloriate fatty acid composition in oils to meet different application requirements.
( Ozseyhan et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Montana State University, USA

β-conglycinin deficiency, which lowers allergenicity and increases nutritional value.
( Song et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry
Harbin Normal University
Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jilin Agricultural University, China
USDA Agricultural Research Service
University of Missouri, USA

Improvement of starch quality.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Science

Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co.
LTD, China
University of Kentucky, USA

Amylose-free starch in tubers.
( Toinga-Villafuerte et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M University, USA

Altered starch properties. Changes in amylopectin chain-lengths, starch granule initiation and branching frequency.
( Tuncel et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK

Attenuated toxic cyanogen production. Cassava produces toxic cyanogenic compounds and requires food processing for safe consumption.
( Gomez et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, USA

Promoted phenolic acid biosynthesis. Salvia is tradional Chinese medicine with great medical value to treat cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Phenolic acids make up a big part of the bioactive compounds.
( Shi et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

East China University of Science and Technology
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

Large parthenocarpic fruits. Parthenocarpy, also known as seedless fruits, is preferred by consumers and it ensures consistent fruit yield in variable environmental conditions.
( Hu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Duke University, USA

Alteration of the inositol phosphate profile in developing seeds.
( Shukla et al., 2009 )

SDN1
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences
Sangamo BioSciences, USA

Increased RS. Cereals high in RS may be beneficial to improve human health and reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases.
( Biswas et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M Univ.
Avance Biosciences Inc., USA

Increased grain number per spikelet.
( Zhang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Missouri
South Dakota State University
University of California
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
University of Bristol, UK

Enhanced oil composition. Increased oleic acid content and significant decreases in the less desirable polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (i.e. a decrease from ~16% to <4%) and linolenic acid (a decrease from ~35% to <10%).
( Jiang et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nebraska
University of California, USA

High oleic and low linolenic oil to improve nutritional characteristics, increase shelf-life and frying stability.
( Demorest et al., 2016 )

SDN1
TALENs

Cellectis plant science Inc.
Calyxt, USA

Increased amylose content. Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits and reduce risks of diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and certain colon and rectum cancers.
( Sun et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA
University of Liege, Belgium

Specific differences in grain morphology, composition and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content. Barley rich in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a source of fermentable dietary fibre, is useful to protect against various human health conditions. However, low grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content is preferred for brewing and distilling.
( Garcia-Gimenez et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The James Hutton Institute
University of Dundee, UK
University of Adelaide
La Trobe University, Australia

Improved starch quality. Reduced amylopectin and increased amylose percentage.
( Wang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
Shanghai Sanshu Biotechnology Co. LTD
Chinese Academy of Science, China
University of Kentucky, USA

High-quality sugar production by rice (98% sucrose content). Carbohydrates are an essential energy-source. Sugarcane and sugar beet were the only two crop plants used to produce sugar.
( Honma et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Faculty of Engineering
Kitami Institute of Technology
NagoyaUniversity
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
Carnegie Institution for Science, USA

Increased sugar and amino acid content leading to improved fruit quality.
( Nguyen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Food Industries Research Institute, Vietnam
University of Missouri, USA

Glossy phenotype. Reduced epicuticular wax in leaves.
( Char et al., 2015 )

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Modified composition: accumulation of fivefold more starch than WT leaves, and more sucrose as well. Architectural changes
(Bezrutczyk et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Germany
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, USA

Reduced grain chalkiness.
( Gann et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cell and Molecular Biology Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA

Increased iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mn) content for biofortification: increasing the intrinsic nutritional value of crops.
(Connorton et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

John Innes Centre
University of East Anglia, UK

Increased grain weight and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased.
( Guo et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Low polyunsaturated fats content. Soybean oil is high in polyunsaturated fats and is often partially hydrogenated. The trans-fatty acids produced through hydrogenation pose a health threat.
( Haun et al., 2014 )

SDN1
TALENs

Cellectis plant sciences Inc., USA

Improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Decreased amylose content without affecting other desirable agronomic traits.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University
University of Queensland, USA

Traits related to increased plant yield and growth

Increased yield under different environmental conditions: well-watered, drought, normal nitrogen and low nitrogen field conditions and at multiple geographical locations.
(Wang et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sinobioway Bio-Agriculture Group Co.
Ltd
Corteva Agriscience
Johnston, USA

Increased yield.
( Zhou et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Xichang University, China
University of Maryland, USA

Promote growth of axillary buds. Lateral branches develop from the axillary buds. The number of side branches is very important to plant architecture, which influences the yield and quality of the plant.
( Li et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University
Northwest A&
F University
Shandong Agricultural University
Northeast Agricultural University
Shanxi University, China
Oxford University
University of Bedfordshire, UK

Shortened plant architecture and jointless pedicel without affecting the yield. This plant architecture can allow ground cultivation systems that do not require the support of stakes and ties and could be ultimately suitable for once-over mechanical harvesting.
( Lee et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Improve biomass yield and salinity tolerance.
( Guan et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Shandong institute of agricultural sustainable development
Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, China
Oklahoma State University, USA

Improve plant architecture to increase yield. Plant height and branch number are directly correlated with yield.
( Zheng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture, China
Wilkes University, USA

Increase in floral organ number or fruit size, conferring enhanced tomato fruit yield.
( Rodriguez-Leal et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Increased grain weight and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased.
( Guo et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Regulated sepal growth
( Xing et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhejiang University, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Improved nitrogen use efficiency.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Early flowering under long day conditions of higher latitudes to spread production of maize over a broad range of latitudes rapidly.
( Huang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Wisconsin, USA

Increased bending strength. Stalk lodging, which is generally determined by stalk strength, results in considerable yield loss and has become a primary threat to maize yield under high-density planting.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Iowa State University, USA

Increased total kernel number or kernel weight.
( Kelliher et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Research Triangle Park
University of Georgia, USA
Syngenta Crop Protection, The Netherlands

Bushy phenotype and increased tiller production.
( Liu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Iowa State University, USA

Semi-dwarf phenotype. High varieties are challenged by weak lodging and damages caused by storms, dwarf varieties are suitable for mechanized plant maintenance and fruit harvesting.
( Shao et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hunan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
University of Florida, USA

Plant development. Phenotypes consistent with increased GA response: tall and slender with light green vegetation.
(Lor et al., 2014)

SDN1
TALENs

University of Minnesota, USA
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Increases size of starch granules. Granule size is a key parameter for industrial processing. Larger granules may increase yield during processing and it has been shown in sweet potato that smaller starch granules degrade faster than large granules, so larger granule tubers may be beneficial for storage.
( Pfotenhauer et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Tennessee, USA

Rapid improvement of domestication traits and genes that control plant architecture, flower production and fruit size. Major productivity traits are improved in an orphan crop.
( Lemmon et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor
The Boyce Thompson Institute
Cornell University, USA

Dwarf phenotype.
( Lawrenson et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK
Murdoch University, USA

Improved field performance: higher yield, producing on average 5.5 bushels per acre more. Waxy corn.
(Gao et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Corteva Agriscience, USA

Increased grain yield under field drought stress conditions and no yield loss under well-watered conditions.
( Shi et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Increased plant yield due to architectural changes. Leaf inclination: maize plants with upright leaves can be planted at higher densities without shading.
(Brekke et al., 2011)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Iowa State University, USA

Conferred lodging resistance. Tef is a staple food, and valuable cash crop in Ethiopia. Lodging is a major limitation to its production.
( Beyene et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
Corteva Agriscience
Michigan State University, USA
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia

Faster seedling growth.
( Zhou et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Maryland, USA

Enhanced photosynthesis.
( Caddell et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS)
University of California at Berkeley
Utah State University
Texas A&
M University, USA

Increased fruit size. Highly branched inflorescence and formation of multiple flowers.
( Rodriguez-Leal et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Improved high-density yield and drought/osmotic stress tolerance.
( Chen et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Texas Tech University, USA

Increased grain size and modulated shoot architecture.
( Miao et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang A&
F University
Nanchang University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Dwarf phenotype. Tomatoes with compact growth habits and reduced plant height can be useful in some environments.
( Tomlinson et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK
University of Minnesota, USA

Enhancing grain-yield-related traits by increases in meristem size
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor
University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Altered plant architecture to inrease yield: increased node number on the main stem and branch number.
(Bao et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Duy Tan University, Vietnam
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Japan

High temperature germination. Large increases in the maximum temperature for seed germination to allow for the cultivation of the crop in production areas with higher temperature.
( Bertier et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California, USA

Customize tomato cultivars for urban agriculture: increased compactness and decreased growth cycle of tomato plants.
(Kwon et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cornell University
University of Florida, USA
Wonkwang University, South Korea
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

Altered tree architecture, exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes: including differences in branch angle and stem growth.
(Dutt et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA
Mansoura University, Egypt

Early flowering. Day-light sensitivity limited the geographical range of cultivation.
( Soyk et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Germany
Université Paris-Scalay, France

Early flowering phenotype with no adverse effect on yield.
( Shang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Increased yield: plants produced more tillers and grains than azygous wild-type controls and the total yield was increased up to 15 per cent.
(Holubova et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Palacký University
Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Republic
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Germany

Early flowering and maturity. Flowering time (heading date) is an important trait for crop yield and cultivation.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sinobioway Bio-Agriculture Group, Co., China
Corteva™ Agriscience, USA

Promoted rice growth and productivity.
( Miao et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Enhanced grain yield and semi-dwarf phenotype by manipulating brassinosteroid signal pathway.
( Song et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, USA

Positive regulation for grain dormancy. Lack of grain dormancy in cereal crops causes losses in yield and quality because of preharvest sprouting.
( Lawrenson et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK
Murdoch University, Australia

Altered branch and petiole angles.
( Kangben et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Clemson University
HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Cotton incorporated, USA

Haploid induction to accelerate breeding in crop plants.
( Kelliher et al., 2017 )

SDN1
TALENs

Syngenta Seeds, USA

Semi-dwarf phenotype and compact architecture to increase yield. Plant height and branch angle are the major architectural factors determining yield.
( Fan et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
Wilkes University, USA

Combine agronomically desirable traits with useful traits present in wild lines. Threefold increase in fruit size and a tenfold increase in fruit number. Fruit lycopene accumulation is improved by 500% compared with the widely cultivated S. lycopersicum.
( Zsögön et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Universidade de São Paulo Paulo, Brazil
University of Minnesota, USA
Universität Münster, Germany

Altering leaf inclination angle which has the potential to elevate yield in high-density plantings.
( Brant et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida
DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, USA
Kastamonu University, Turkey

Altered spike architecture.
( de Souza Moraes et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Norwich Research Park, UK
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Germany

Bigger seedlings.
( Lor et al., 2014 )

SDN1
TALENs

University of Minnesota, USA

Traits related to industrial utilization

New red-grained and pre-harvest sprouting (PHS)-resistant wheat varieties with elite agronomic traits. PHS reduces yield and grain quality, additionally the red pigment of the grain coat contains proanthocyanidins, which have antioxidant activity and thus health-promoting properties.
( Zhu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Henan University
Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan university
Taiyuan University of Technology
Southern University of Science and Technology, China
University of Edinburgh, UK

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Svitashev et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Asexual propagation trough seeds. Induction of apomeiosis, mitosis instead of meiosis. This proces leads to the production of genetically identical seeds, serving many applications in plant breeding.
( Khanday et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
Iowa State University, USA
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Accelerated abscission. Plant organ abscission is a process important for development and reproductive success,
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, China
University of California at Davis
Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, USA

Trait stacking. Modern agriculture demands crops carrying multiple traits.
( Ainley et al., 2013 )

SDN1
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences LLC
Sangamo BioSciences, Inc., USA

Modified wood composition with traits desirable for fiber pulping and lower carbon emissions. The edited wood could bring efficiencies, bioeconomic opportunities and environmental benefits.
( Sulis et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Beihua University
Northeast Forestry University, China

Rapid generation of male sterile (MS) bread wheat. MS is an important tool in creating hybrid crop varieties that provide a yield advantage over traditional varieties by harnessing heterosis.
( Singh et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Induction of haploid plants and a reduced seed set for rice breeding.
( Yao et al., 2018 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

ZhongGuanCun Life Science Park, China
Syngenta India Limited
Technology Centre
Medchal Mandal, India
Syngenta Crop Protection
LLC
Research Triangle Park, USA

Rubber biosynthesis. To accelerate the domestication of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK), a plant notable for its ability to produce high molecular weight rubber in its roots and which might be an alternative source of natural rubber.
( Iaffaldano et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, USA

Male sterility.
( Djukanovic et al., 2013 )

I-CreI

DuPont/Pioneer Agricultural Biotechnology
Precision Biosciences, USA

Reduced lignin content and S (syringyl lignin)/G (guaiacyl lignin) (S/G) ratio alteration to reduce cell wall recalcitrance and improve bioethanol production. Lignin is a major component of secondary cell walls and contributes to the recalcitrance problem during fermentation.
( Park et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
BioEnergy Science Center
University of Tennessee, USA

Accumulate low levels of alkaloids. Nicotine is the most abundant alkaloid produced in tobacco plants. Switching to cigarettes containing levels of nicotine below the level of sustaining an addiction response will smoke less and/or find it easier to quit. Possibly, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may mandate such reductions in future cigarette products.
( Smith et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

North Carolina State University, USA

Generate self-compatible diploid potato lines for the application of efficient breeding methods.
( Enciso-Rodriguez et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan State University, USA

Bio-fuel production: Reduced lignin content and improved sugar release.
(Park et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Noble Research Institute, USA

Enhanced oil accumulation in the seed.
( Cai et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Brookhaven National Laboratory
Stony Brook University
Montana State University, USA

Bioethanol production: Improved saccharification efficiency without compromising biomass yield.
(Kannan et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

University of Florida
Novozymes North America Inc, USA
Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), South Korea

Complete reproductive sterility to prevent the spread of highly domesticated, exotic or genetically modified organisms into wild populations.
( Azeez et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan Technological University, USA

Hairy root transformation. Hairy roots play a role in multiple processes, ranging from recombinant protein production and metabolic engineering to analyses of rhizosphere physiology and biochemistry.
( Ron et al., 2014 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Emory University, USA
University of Cambridge, UK

Bio-fuel production: Reduced lignin content, improves cell wall composition for production of bio-ethanol.
(Jung et al., 2016)

SDN1
TALENs

Korea University, South Korea
University of Florida, USA

Enhanced biological nitrogen fixation to reduce the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Enhanced biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria by modified root microbiome structure.
( Yan et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Bayer Crop Science, USA

Stem wood discoloration due to lignin reduction.
( Zhou et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Georgia, USA

Traits related to herbicide tolerance

Herbicide tolerance: glyphosate
(Hummel et al., 2017)

SDN3
CRISPR/Cas

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, USA

Resistance to imidazolinone herbicides.
( Zhu et al., 2000 )

ODM

Novartis Agricultural Discovery Institute
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, USA

Chlorsulfuron resistance.
( Huang et al., 2023 )

University of Florida, USA

Bispyribac sodium
( Butt et al., 2017 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Rice University, USA

Herbicide tolerance: AHAS-inhibiting
(Gocal et al., 2015)

ODM

Cibus, Canada
Cibus, USA

Imidizolinone
( Butler et al., 2016 )

SDN2
TALENs

Michigan State University
University of Minnesota, USA

Herbicide resistance.
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN2
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Imidazolinone & sulfonylurea
( Zhu et al., 1999 )

ODM

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, USA

Resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides
( Zhu et al., 1999 )

ODM

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, USA

Imidizolinone
( Butler et al., 2016 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan State University
University of Minnesota, USA

Chlorsulfuron
( Svitashev et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Bialaphos & quizalofop.
( Shukla et al., 2009 )

SDN3
ZFN

Dow AgroSciences
Sangamo BioSciences, USA

Chlorsulfuron
( Li et al., 2015 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer Agricultural Biotechnology, USA

Herbicide tolerance: glyphosate
(Sauer et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cibus, USA

Glyphosate resistance.
( Ortega et al., 2018 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

New Mexico State University, USA

Chlorsulfuron
( Svitashev et al., 2015 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

DuPont Pioneer, USA

Traits related to product color/flavour

Fruit coloration. Fruit color affects consumer preference and is one of the breeding objectives of great interests. For example, white-fruited cultivars are sold at a much higher price than red-fruited cultivars.
( Gao et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of Maryland, USA

Reduced citrate content. Citrate is a common primary metabolite which often characterizes fruit flavour.
( Fu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China
University of Florida, USA
The New Zealand Institute for Plant &
Food Research Limited (Plant &
Food Research) Mt Albert
University of Auckland, New Zealand

Improved aroma, flavour and fatty acid (FA) profiles of pea seeds.
( Bhowmik et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Research Council Canada (NRC)
University of Calgary
University of Saskatchewan
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
St. Boniface Hospital Research, Canada
John Innes Centre, UK

Crop modification: albino phenotype.
(Wang et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of Pennsylvania, USA

Brown seed-coat color.
( Jia et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southern University of Science and Technology
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
South China Agricultural University, China
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
University of Missouri, USA

Albino phenotype.
( Wilson et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

NIAB EMR, UK

Colour modification. Purple tomatoes.
( Cermak et al., 2015 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

University of Minnesota, USA
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic

Color modification due to reduced anthocyanin accumulation.
( Klimek-Chodacka et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
East Carolina University
University of Maryland, USA

Albino phenotype.
( Wilson et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

NIAB EMR, UK

Albino phenotype.
( Syombua et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
University of Nairobi, Kenya
University of Missouri
Iowa State University
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA

Increased content of phenylacetaldehyde, sucrose and fructose, which are major contributors to flavor in many foods, including tomato.
( Li et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA
Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Germany

Colour modification. Purple tomatoes.
( Cermak et al., 2015 )

SDN2
TALENs

University of Minnesota, USA
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic

Albino phenotype.
( Brewer et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Florida, USA

Traits related to storage performance

Delayed fruit ripening.
( Lang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Improved shelf-life by targeting the genes modulating pectin degradation in ripening tomato.
( Wang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of London
University of Leicester
University of Nottingham
University of Leeds, UK
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA

Controlling the rate of fruit softening to extend shelf life.
( Uluisik et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Nottingham
Royal Holloway University of London
Heygates Ltd
Syngenta Seeds
Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
Syngenta Crop Protection
University of California
Cornell University
Skidmore College, USA

Decreased postharvest water loss with a 17–30% increase in wax accumulation.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Improved cold storage and processing traits: reduced levels of acrylamide, reduced sugars.
(Clasen et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

Cellectis Plant Science, USA

Altering tomato fruit ripening and softening, key traits for fleshy fruit. During ripening, fruit will gradually soften which is largely the result of fruit cell wall degradation. Softening may improve the edible quality of fruit but also reduces fruit resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. Fruit softening can cause mechanical damage during storage and transportation as well, which can reduce the storage and shelf life, leading to fruit loss.
( Gao et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
South China Agricultural University
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Zhejiang University
Beijing University of Agriculture, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Delayed fruit ripening.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China
University of Connecticut, USA

Improved shelf-life with improved or not affected sugar: acid ratio, aroma volatiles, and skin color.
(Ortega-Salazar et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California, USA
Zhejiang Normal University, China
University of Nottingham, UK

Traits categories

Genome Editing Technique

Countries

Plant

Sdn Type

Traits related to biotic stress tolerance

Traits related to abiotic stress tolerance

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Traits related to increased plant yield and growth

Traits related to industrial utilization

Traits related to herbicide tolerance

Traits related to product color/flavour

Traits related to storage performance