Genome-editing techniques are promising tools in plant breeding. To facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the use of genome editing, EU-SAGE developed an interactive, publicly accessible online database of genome-edited crop plants as described in peer-reviewed scientific publications.
The aim of the database is to inform interested stakeholder communities in a transparent manner about the latest evidence about the use of genome editing in crop plants. Different elements including the plant species, traits, techniques, and applications can be filtered in this database.
Regarding the methodology, a literature search in the bibliographic databases and web pages of governmental agencies was conducted using predefined queries in English. Identifying research articles in other languages was not possible due to language barriers. Patents were not screened.
Peer-reviewed articles were screened for relevance and were included in the database based on pre-defined criteria. The main criterium is that the research article should describe a research study of any crop plant in which a trait has been introduced that is relevant from an agricultural and/or food/feed perspective. The database does neither give information on the stage of development of the crop plant, nor on the existence of the intention to develop the described crop plants to be marketed.
This database will be regularly updated. Please contact us via the following webpage in case you would like to inform us about a new scientific study of crops developed for market-oriented agricultural production as a result of genome editing

Displaying 203 results

Traits related to biotic stress tolerance

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease.
(Li et al., 2020)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
College of Life Science and Technology &
College of Horticulture &
Forestry Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Fungal resistance: broad-spectrum resistance to rice pathogens without adverse effects in terms of growth and yield.
(Chen et al., 2023)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Anhui Agricultural University
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Viral resistance: Partial resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). RBSDV is a serious threat in Chinese rice production.
(Wang et al., 2021)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Fungal resistance: Improved resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae.
(Lijuan et al., 2024)
SDN1
CIRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Li et al., 2013)
SDN1
TALENs
Iowa State University, USA
Guangxi University, China
Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance to blast without affecting the major agronomic traits. Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a devastating disease affecting rice production globally
(Nawaz et al., 2020)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China
Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively.
(Peng et al., 2022)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University
Shandong Agricultural University
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa.
(Wei et al., 2021)
SDN2
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Enhanced resistance to insects, no serotonin production and higher salicylic acid levels. Rice brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) and striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) are the two most serious pests in rice production.
( Lu et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Ltd.
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, China
Newcastle University, UK
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zhou et al., 2018)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
National Center for Plant Gene Research
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Enhanced blast disease resistance
( Liao et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance.
( Xu et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa. Bacteria enter the host and produce a toxin, which prevents the production of chlorophyl.
(Han et al., 2020)
SDN1
TALENs
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hainan University, China
Broad-spectrum disease resistance without yield loss.
( Sha et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Chengdu Normal University
Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Anhui Agricultural University
BGI-Shenzhen
Northwest A&
F University
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université de Bordeaux, France
University of California
The Joint BioEnergy Institute, USA
University of Adelaide, Australia
Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to both blast and bacterial blight diseases, two major diseases having devastating impact on the yield of rice in most rice-growing countries.
(Zhou et al., 2021)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
South China Agricultural University
Huazhong Agricultural University
Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd
Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center
Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Xie et al., 2017)
SDN1
TALENs
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zeng et al., 2020)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Enhanced resistance against rice bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS).
( Wang et al., 2024 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang Normal University, China
Disease-resistant and fertile varieties.
( Li et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University

Hubei Hongshan Laborator, China
Bacterial and fungal resistance: increased resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae causing bacterial blight and rice blast, respectively.
(Liu et al., 2023)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, China
Bacterial and fungal resistance: Resistance to bacterial blight and rice blight. Also spontaneous cell death, altered seed dormancy (pre-harvest sprouting) and enhanced growth.
(Liao et al., 2018)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Disease resistant thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) with enhanced resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.
( Li et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, causing rice blast, one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice worldwide.
(Wang et al., 2016)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agriculture, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Xu et al., 2021)
SDN1
TALENs
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Crop Diseases Research Institute, Pakistan
Significant resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae.
( Hu et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Jiangxi Agricultural University
Wuhan Towin Biotechnology Company Limited, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Cai et al., 2017)
SDN1
TALENs
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Fungal and bacterial resistance: improved resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae–caused rice blast and bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. Rice blast and bacterial leaf streak are deadly diseases that can lead to serious damage.
(Yang et al., 2023)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University
Guangxi Lvhai
Seed Co., China
Fungal resistance: Improved resistance to false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. False smut is one of the major fungal diseases of rice.
(Liang et al., 2018)
SDN2
CRISPR/Cas
Northwest A&
F University
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Shan et al., 2013)
SDN1
TALENs
Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
University of Minnesota, USA

Traits related to abiotic stress tolerance

Enhanced cadmium resistance with reduced cadmium accumulation in roots and shoots. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health.
( Dang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China
Arsenic (As) tolerance. As is toxic to organisms and elevated As accumulation may pose health risks to humans.
( Duan et al., 2015 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Improved salt stress resistance. Significant increase in the shoot weight, the total chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll fluorescence under salt stress. Also high antioxidant activities coincided with less reactive oxygen species (ROS).
( Shah Alam et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University, China
Taif University, Saudi Arabia
Alexandria University, Egypt
Increased tolerance to low temperatures.
( Wang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nankai University
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
Increased tolerance to cadmium toxicity.
( Yue et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Curled leaf phenotype and improved drought tolerance.
( Liao et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China
Early heading phenotype that escapes from cold stress and achieves high yield potential.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University
Institute of Lianyungang Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Area/Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Decreased Cadmium (Cd) accumulation. Consumption of crops that absorb Cd from the soil can cause serious health problems in humans.
( He et al., 2024 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yunnan Agricultural University, China
Salt tolerance during the seedling stage.
( Chen et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agriculture University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China
Salt tolerance.
( Duan et al,. 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Salt-tolerant plants.
( Jingfang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science
Nanjing Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
More tolerant to chilling stress: increased survival rate, decreased membrane permeability, and reduced lipid peroxidation.
(Xu et al., 2022)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Henan University of Science and Technology
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Enhanced chilling tolerance at seedling stage without yield loss.
( Deng et al., 2024 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yuelushan Laboratory, China
Reduced cadmium content. Cadmium poses a health treat, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms.
( Hao et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hunan University of Arts and Science
Hunan Normal University, China
Drought tolerance.
( Zhao et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hebei Normal University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Improved rice growth with increased plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content but with a lower degree of oxidative injury and Cd accumulation.
( Cao et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Potassium deficiency tolerance and contribution to stomatal closure.
( Mao et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
National Center of Rice Improvement of China
National Engineering Laboratory of Rice
South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, China
Enhances adaptation to direct-seeding on wet land and tolerance to drought stress in rice. Water stress is the most important factor limiting rice agriculture by either floods or drought.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China
Increased water-deficit tolerance.
( Lv et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chongqing University, China
Improved yield and cold tolerance. High yield and high cold tolerance were often antagonistic to each other.
( Zeng et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
Enhanced rice salinity tolerance and absisic acid hypersensitivity.
( Yan et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanchang University, China
Chilling tolerance.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Jilin University, China
Drought tolerance and abscisic acid sensitivity.
( Lou et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Enhanced salinity tolerance.
( Zhang et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China
Reduced uptake of lead (Pb). Lead is one of the most toxic metals affecting human health globally and food is an important source of chronic Pb exposure in humans.
( Chang et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Enhanced resistance to salt and oxidative stress and increased grain yield.
( Alfatih et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Better salinity tolerance.
( Ma et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Enhanced the tolerance of plants to salt (NaCl), the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses.
( Yue et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Hunan Agricultural University, China
Improved drought tolerance and yield.
( Usman et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Increased contents of GABA, protein, crude fat, and various mineral contents. GABA-rich rice varieties can promote human nutrition, and ensure health.
( Chen et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
Increased carotene accumulation in rice endosperm.
( Shao et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, China
Reduction of amylose content (AC). AC is the predominant factor determining rice eating and cooking quality.
( He et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Northeast Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northeast Agricultural University, China
Reduced cadmium content. Cadmium poses a health treath, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms.
( Tang et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Normal University, China
Improved grain quality. The amylose content, gel consistency and pasting viscosity of grain starches are influencing the grain appearance, cooking/eating quality and starch physical characters.
( Zeng et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture
South China Agricultural University, China
Increased flavonoid content, functioning as allelochemicals and insect deterrents.
( Lam et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
The University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shenzhen
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Forestry University, China
Kyoto University, Japan
Lowered amylose content and viscosity, risen gel consistency and gelatinization temperature values, all resulting in improved eating and cooking quality.
( Song et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Jiangsu University
Institute of Food Crops
Yangzhou University, China
Improved amylose levels to influence grain eating and cooking quality (ECQ).
( Huang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yangzhou University, China
Waxy rice which lacks amylose. Waxy rice is regarded as a high-quality rice variant, also known as glutinous rice. Due to the unique properties of waxy rice starch, it is extensively used in the chemical industry, medicine, and daily human life.
( Fu et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
Meishan Dongpo District Agricultural and Rural Bureau, China
Increased lysophospholipid content and enhanced cooking and eating quality. Lysophospholipid (LPL) is derived from the hydrolysis of phospholipids and plays an important role in rice grain quality.
( Khan et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University, China
Generation of a new glutinous Photothermosensitive Genic-Male-Sterile (PTGMS) line with a low amylose content. PTMGS line combines high-quality and high-light-efficiency use, disease and stress resistance.
( Teng et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China
Reduced arsenic content, a highly toxic metalloid harming human health. Inorganic Arsenic is listed as a carcinogen.
( Ye et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Reduction of phytic acid (PA) in seeds. PA has adverse effects on essential mineral absorption and thus is considered as an anti-nutritive for monogastric animals.
( Khan et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China
Increased grain amylose content. Improving grain quality is one of the most important goals in rice breeding. Contribute to the breeding of rice cultivars with better eating and cooking quality, as cooking and eating quality is determined from amylose content.
( Liu et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hunan Agricultural University
China National Seed Group Co., China
Fragrance by accumulation of the natural aroma substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Fragrance is one of the most important rice quality traits, with 2AP being the major contributor to aroma.
( Tang et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Fragrant glutinous hybrid rice.
( Tian et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Reduced levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organic pollutants which have great ecological and health risks, in the edible parts.
( Chen et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, China
Reduced Cd accumulation.
( Chen et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
South China Agricultural University
Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China
Imrpoved rice eating and cooking quality with down-regulated rice grain protein content, which is negatively regulated to ECQ.
( Yang et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yangzhou University, China
Highly specific detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereal samples. OTA is classified as a Class 2B carcinogens. The method can be flexibly customized to detect a wide range of small molecular targets and holds great promise as a versatile sensing kit with applications in various fields requiring sensitive and specific detection of diverse analytes.
( Chen et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Ningbo University
Hainan University
Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, China
University of New South Wales, Australia
Increased amylose content. Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits and reduce risks of diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and certain colon and rectum cancers.
( Sun et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA
University of Liege, Belgium
Low glutelin content in the rice germplasm: patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) need to eat rice with low glutelin content.
(Chen et al., 2022)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Henan Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia
Aromatic three-line hybrid.
( Hui et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute, China
Fragrant rice by introducing aroma into non-aromatic rice varieties. The genome edited fragrant rice was then used as starting material for molecular breeding to introduce both fragrance and high anthocyanin levels in rice.
( Shi et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS)
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, China
High-quality sugar production by rice (98% sucrose content). Carbohydrates are an essential energy-source. Sugarcane and sugar beet were the only two crop plants used to produce sugar.
( Honma et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Faculty of Engineering
Kitami Institute of Technology
NagoyaUniversity
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
Carnegie Institution for Science, USA
Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shanghai Normal University, China
Facilitated Isoproturon Metabolism and Detoxification: Improved growth, the Isoproturon (IPU)-induced cellular damage was attenuated, and IPU accumulation was significantly repressed
(Zhai et al., 2022)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Decreased cadmium accumulation in rice grain, while leaving important agronomic traits including yield, unaffected. Cadmium poses a health threat, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms
( Luo et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
China National Rice Research Institute
Southern University of Science and Technology, China
Increased grain weight and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased.
( Guo et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA
Fragrant rice.
( Shan et al., 2015 )
SDN1
TALENs
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Enriched levels of Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA lowers blood pressure, has anti-aging effects, and activates the liver and kidney.
( Chen et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Biofortification: Enhanced Zinc and Manganese tolerance and increased Zinc and Manganese accumulation in rice grains.
(Qiao et al., 2019)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shenzhen University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Rice grain with a reduced amino acid and total protein content without affecting the agronomic traits of the plant. Additionally, the grain showed improved cooking and eating quality.
( Yang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yangzhou University, China
Reduced arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grain. Inorganic As is a carcinogen and decreasing the accumulation would improve the food safety of rice.
( Xu et al., 2024 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Reduction in cadmium accumulation. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health. Cadmium accumulation represents a severe threat to people consuming rice as a staple food.
( Yang et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Xu et al., 2021 )

BE
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia
Low amylose content to improve the rice eating quality.
( Mao et al., 2022 )

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, China
Improved quality by reduced grain protein content (GPC). High GPC is negatively correlated between protein content and peak viscosity and breakdown value. High GPC is also positively correlated to protein content and hardness.
( Wang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China
Low Cadmium (Cd) accumulating. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to virtually all living organisms, including plants.
( Songmei et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry
Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Decreased amylose content without affecting other desirable agronomic traits.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University
University of Queensland, USA

Traits related to increased plant yield and growth

Increased yield potential by nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen fertilizer has been applied broadly to increase yield. However, low nitrogen use efficiency causes environmental pollution and ecological deterioration by the nitrogen fertilizers.
( Zhang et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhengzhou University, China
Improved grain length and weight by promoting cell proliferation in spikelet hull
( Wu et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chongqing University, China
Increased seed weight.
( Shen et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yangzhou University, China
Delayed heading date, increased yield and reduced chalkiness under field high temperature stress.
( Li et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China
Generation of important yield-related trait characteristics: dense and erect panicles and reduced plant height.
(Wang et al., 2017)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Syngenta Biotechnology, China
Increased yield.
( Huang et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yunnan University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
BGI-Baoshan, China
Improved nitrogen use efficiency.
( Li et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA
Improved grain length and weight by promoting cell proliferation.
( Wu et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chongqing University, China
Reduction of plant height through accumulation of ceramides. Plant height is an important agronomic trait of rice, it directly affects the yield potential and lodging resistance.
( Wang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanchang University
Henan Agricultural University, China
Hokkaido University, Japan
Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Li et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Semi-dwarf phenotype with desired agronomic traits: tolerance to low phosporus levels and broad-spectrum resistance to diseases and insects.
(Hu et al., 2019)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute, China
Enhanced rice grain yield by decoupling panicle number and size
( Song et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shandong Agricultural University
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China
Semi-dwarf phenotype to improve product and lodging resistance.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Improved grain yield by promoting outgrowth buds and increasing tiller number.
( Lu et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Increased seed weight.
( Hu et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Fudan University, China
Increased grain number due to increased meristem activity and enhanced panicle branching.
( Li et al., 2013 )
SDN1
ZFN
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center
Wuhan University, China
Early flowering time. Flowering time (heading date) is an important trait for crop yield and cultivation.
( Yin et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shenyang Agricultural University, China
Grain yield, regulation of seed development.
( Yuan et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Promoted rice growth and productivity.
( Miao et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA
Increased nitrogen utilization efficiency under high nitrate concentrations.
( Hang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guizhou University
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Early flowering and maturity. Flowering time (heading date) is an important trait for crop yield and cultivation.
( Wang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Sinobioway Bio-Agriculture Group, Co., China
Corteva™ Agriscience, USA
Higher yield than wild-type (WT) plants due to increased grain number per panicle, elevated grain weight, and enhanced harvest index.
( Wei et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanghai Normal University, China
Improved lodging resistance in later growth stages due to shorter plant height with enhanced resistance to rice blast.
( Gang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science/Huai'
an Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology
Huaiyin Normal University
China National Rice Research Institute, China
Promote outgrowth buds and increase tiller number.
( Lu et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering
Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Delayed flowering, which can increase grain yield and quality.
( Zhou et al., 2024 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Northeast Forestry University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beidahuang Group Erdaohe Farm CO., China
Semi-dwarf phenotype. Plant height is an important agronomic trait of rice, it directly affects the yield potential and lodging resistance.
( Han et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University
Guangxi University, China
Accelerated seedling growth. Because seedling growth and development are the basis of rice tillering and reproduction, rapid seedling growth and fast sprouting from the soil are vital for the emergence rate and yield.
( Teng et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hangzhou Normal University
Inner Mongolia University
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Plants with longer primary roots and more crown roots, as well as increased sensitivity to auxins and cytokinins. The rice root system is important for growth.
( Mao et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Fudan University
Sichuan Agricultural University
Shanghai Normal University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Improved rice photosynthetic efficiency and yield: increased light saturation points, stomatal conductance, light tolerance and photosynthetic yields.
(Ye et al., 2021)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
South China Agricultural University, China
Dwarf stature and a lesion-mimic phenotype. Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Increased content of salicylic acid and induced plant defense responses.
(Ma et al., 2018)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Peking University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Altered grain number per panicle.
( Shen et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
National Rice Research Institute, China
Increased grain size.
( Chen et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute
Huazhong Agricultural University
Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Increased grain number per main panicle and an increased seed settling rate.
( Qian et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China Agricultural University, China
Increased yield.
( Zhou et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Xichang University, China
University of Maryland, USA
Improved yield under short day conditions.
( Wang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
South China Agricultural University, China
Improved yield and fragrance.
( Usman et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China
Improved rice yield and immunity.
( Li et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Super-dwarf phenotype. Rice plants with compact growth habits and reduced plant height can be useful in some environments.
( Peng et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hunan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University
Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
Genetic diversity.
( Shen et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Yangzhou University, China
Reduced seed dormancy: rapid and uniform germination of seeds is important for rice production. Mutant seeds began to germinate 1 day after sowing, while WT seeds needed 2 days.
(Jung et al., 2019)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hankyong National University
Chungbuk National University
Hanyang University, China
Central Luzon State University, Philippines
Improvement of yield by reducing the "easy to shatter" trait. Reduced seed shattering ensures better stability during the harvesting processes and improved yields.
( Sheng et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Dwarf and high tillering phenotypes.
( Yang et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shenzhen University
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
Altered grain number per panicle and increased seed weight.
( Li et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Increased grain size and chalkiness.
( Li et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Henan Agricultural University, China
Regulation of pollen tube growth. The tube grows in female reproductive tissues to transport two sperm cells into the embryo sac for double fertilization during sexual reproduction.
( Liu et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Delayed heading date with improved yield-related traits e.g. height, tiller number and grain weight.
( Li et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
South China Agricultural University
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan
Modern Agriculture, China
Improved rice grain shape and appearance quality. Potential application in breeding of rice varieties with optimized grain morphologies. Slender grain shape.
( Zhao et al., 2018 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yangzhou University, China
Improved grain yield by modulating pyruvate enzymes and cell cycle proteins, leading to increased grain size. The grain size is a major determinant for rice yield and a vital trait for domestication and breeding.
( Usman et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China
Improved grain quality without severe yield penalty under nitrogen reduction conditions.
( He et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University
Tianjin Tianlong Science and Technology Co. LTD.
National Japanica Rice Research and Development Center, China
Increased breaking force, leading to improved lodging resistance.
( Dang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China
Increased seed weight.
( Ji et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University, China
OsGEF5 and OsGDI1 single mutants show significantly reduced height and longer and thinner grains.
( Shad et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China
Longer grains and increased glume cell length.
( Sheng et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Increased grain size and modulated shoot architecture.
( Miao et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang A&
F University
Nanchang University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA
Altered plant architecture along with a shorter plant height, grain size and increased spikelets and grain density.
( Zhang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China
Improvement of grain weight. Longer panicle.
( Xu et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute, China
China Three Gorges University, China
Increased rice grain size and yield.
( Wang et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., China
Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Xie et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
South China Agricultural University, China
Early heading phenotype that escapes from cold stress and achieves high yield potential.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University
Institute of Lianyungang Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Area/Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Increased grain yield and quality.
( Luo et al., 2024 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Guizhou University, China
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Range of beneficial phenotypes: additional tillers and smaller culms and panicles.
(Cui et al., 2020)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Yangzhou University, Nagoya University, Japan
Longer root hairs. Root hairs effectively enlarge the soil-root contact area and play essential roles for nutrient and water absorption.
( Yang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Linyi University
Hunan Agricultural University, China

Traits related to industrial utilization

Prolonged basic vegetative growth periods for flexible cropping systems in southern China, as well as in other low-latitude regions. Most of the mid-latitude varities were sensitive to temperature or photoperiod, resulting in low grain yield when cultivated in low-latitude regions.
( Wu et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minjiang University, China
Thermosensitive genic male sterile lines with high blast resistance and fragrance quality. Resources for hybrid rice breeding.
( Liang et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute, China
Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile lines to accelerate hybrid rice breeding.
( Zhou et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University
China National Hybrid Rice R&
D Center, China
Early heading: in regions with short growing seasons, early maturing varieties to escape frost damage are required.
(Sohail et al., 2022)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Zhejiang A&
F University, China
Mir Chakar Khan Rind University
Agriculture Research System Khyber, Pakistan
Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh
Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
Rescued male fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Shen et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University, China
Enhanced biomass saccharification by altered lignin biosynthesis. The intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulose residues requires high energy input for bioethanol production.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei University of Arts &
Science
Guangxi University, China
Enhanced biomass saccharification by remodelling of cell wall composition.
( Dang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China
Enhanced genetic recombination frequency to increase genetic diversity and disrupting genetic interference.
( Liu et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Male sterility and decreased total fatty acid content in the anther.
( Basnet et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China
Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas. Complete abolition of pollen development.
( An et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
University of Science and Technology Beijing
Yili Normal University
Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences
Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., China
Generating male sterility lines (MSL). MS is the absence or non-function of pollen grain in plant or incapability of plants to produce or release functional pollen grains. Using MS lines eliminates the process of mechanical emasculation in hybrid seed production.
( Zou et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas.
( Li et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences
School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences
Peking University
Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement,China
Late flowering time.
( Li et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University
China Zhejiang Zhengjingyuan Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. &
Hangzhou Zhengcaiyuan Pharmaceutical Co., China
Generation of a new thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line for hybrid breeding of indica rice.
( Barman et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute, China
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh
Wine fermentation: minimize ethyl carbamate (EC) accumulation. EC is a potential carcinogen to humans. EC is mainly produced through the reaction between urea and ethanol during the Chinese wine brewing process.
(Wu et al., 2020)
SDN2
CRISPR/Cas
Jiangnan University
Zhejiang Shuren University, China
Creation of photoperiod-/thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (P/TGMS) lines, important for commercial rice breeding. P/TGMS rice lines are useful germplasm resources for two-line hybrid breeding.
( Lan et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Enabled clonal reproduction trough seeds. Application of the method may enable self-propagation of a broad range of elite F1 hybrid crops.
( Wang et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université Paris-Saclay, France
Rescued hybrid female fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Guo et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
South China Agricultural University, China
Confer male sterility for hybrid seed production. Male sterility is an important trait, especially for self-pollinated crops such as rice.
( Ma et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
South China Agricultural University, China
Regulation of flowering time and drought tolerance: flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier.
(Gu et al., 2022)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Yangzhou University, China
Induction of haploid plants and a reduced seed set for rice breeding.
( Yao et al., 2018 )
SDN2
CRISPR/Cas
ZhongGuanCun Life Science Park, China
Syngenta India Limited
Technology Centre
Medchal Mandal, India
Syngenta Crop Protection
LLC
Research Triangle Park, USA
Early heading: timing of heading is crucial for the reproduction and the geographical expansion of cultivation of rice.
(Sun et al., 2022)
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China National Rice Research Institute
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, China
Early maturity of rice varieties. Rice is a tropical short-day plant. The northward cultivation in China is accompanied with daylength extension and temperature decrease, which are unfavorable for rice, to complete flowering and seed setting.
( Li et al., 2017 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Traits related to herbicide tolerance

Improved paraquat resistance in rice without obvious yield penalty.
( Lyu et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Zhejiang University, China
Resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides.
( Wu et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China
Haloxyfop-R-methyl
( Xu et al., 2020 )

PE
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, China
FCD & bipyrazone
( Lu et al., 2021 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
China Agricultural University
Qingdao Kingagroot Compounds Co. Ltd
Guizhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Increased herbicide tolerance.
( Sun et al., 2016 )
SDN2
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Haloxyfop
( Liu et al., 2020 )

BE
Anhui Agricultural University
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Glyphosate
( Li et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Herbicide (haloxyfop) resistance.
( Li et al., 2020 )

BE
Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Dinitroanaline
( Liu et al., 2021 )

BE
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Zhejiang University
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway
Bispyribac sodium, haloxyfop
( Xu et al., 2021 )

BE
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Imazethapyr, imazapic
( Wang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Jiangsu University, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia
Bispyribac sodium
( Kuang et al., 2020 )

BE
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Zhejiang University, China
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway
Haloxyfopo-R-methyl
( Li et al., 2018 )

BE
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Herbicide tolerance (ALS-targeting)
( Wang et al., 2020 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu University, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia
Glyphosate
( Li et al., 2016 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
ALS-inhibiting herbicides broad spectrum: Nicosulfuron, imazapic, pyroxsulam, flucarbazone, bispyriba
(Zhang et al., 2020)

BE
Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Traits related to product color/flavour

Red rice. The pigments of coloured rice contain high levels of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins which have been recognized as health-promoting nutrients.
( Zhu et al., 2019 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Xiamen University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minjiang University, China

Traits related to storage performance

Improved seed storability. Deterioration of rice grain reduces the quality of rice, resulting in serious economic losses for farmers.
( Ma et al., 2015 )
SDN1
TALENs
China Agricultural University, China
High vigor and improved storage tolerance of seeds.
( Chen et al., 2022 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Increased seed longevity. Maintaining seed longevity and preventing the decline of quality during long-term storage is a universal problem.
( Wang et al., 2023 )
SDN1
CRISPR/Cas
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, China